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1. Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) leads to pronounced hemodilution and provokes a systemic inflammatory response from blood interaction with artificial surfaces (Ziyaeifard et al., 2014) (, ). Ultrafiltration (UF) mitigates these effects..

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Introduction Hemophilia is a hereditary bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of clotting factor VIII (Hemophilia A) or factor IX (Hemophilia B), resulting in impaired blood coagulation and a heightened risk..

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1. Introduction Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a chronic, inherited blood disorder resulting from a single point mutation in the β-globin gene. This mutation leads to the production of hemoglobin..

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In modern cardiac surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) plays a life-saving role. It allows the heart to be stopped safely while the body is perfused with oxygenated blood. However, it’s a..

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1. Introduction Cerebral protection is a cornerstone of successful aortic arch surgery, where the brain is highly vulnerable during periods of circulatory arrest. While deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) alone..

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1. Introduction Aortic arch surgery presents significant neurologic risks due to the potential for cerebral ischemia during circulatory arrest. Traditional methods such as deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) provided limited..

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Introduction: More Than Just a Tube In the world of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), the arterial cannula is far more than a simple conduit for blood flow. Every feature—from the shape..

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In the complex world of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), where precision, safety, and efficiency govern every aspect of patient care, the significance of flow dynamics cannot be overstated. While the primary..

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Introduction Splanchnic perfusion refers to the blood flow through the splanchnic circulation, which supplies the gastrointestinal organs including the stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and spleen. Maintaining adequate splanchnic blood flow..

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Introduction The heart is nature’s pulsatile pump, delivering rhythmic surges of blood critical not only for oxygen transport but also for maintaining vascular health. Cardiopulmonary bypass, a lifesaving intervention, often..

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In cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), roller and centrifugal pumps have been the mainstays for decades, each with unique benefits and challenges. However, these traditional blood pumps come with inherent pressure-related risks..

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Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is fundamental to modern cardiac surgery, allowing surgeons to perform complex procedures on a still and bloodless heart. However, traditional CPB systems are associated with complications..

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Introduction Myocardial protection during cardiac surgery is a critical determinant of patient outcomes. Traditional cardioplegia techniques primarily aim to arrest the heart, reduce metabolic demand, and preserve myocardial viability (Buckberg,..

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Introduction: Cardiopulmonary bypass, a cornerstone of modern cardiac surgery, temporarily diverts blood away from the heart and lungs, allowing for surgical intervention in a controlled environment. During CPB, blood is..

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Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is essential for modern cardiac surgery, allowing complex repairs and reconstructions by diverting blood away from the heart and lungs. However, during this process, the heart's..

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Abstract: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces a multifactorial systemic inflammatory response that significantly contributes to postoperative complications such as acute lung injury, renal dysfunction, and increased morbidity. This response is initiated..

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Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has revolutionized cardiac surgery by temporarily taking over the function of the heart and lungs during complex procedures. Central to this technique is the management of..

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Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) plays a pivotal role in modern cardiac surgery by temporarily assuming the functions of the heart and lungs during complex procedures. However, despite its life-saving capabilities,..

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Introduction: Cardiac surgery is among the most delicate and high-risk procedures in modern medicine, and the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is central to its success. In this complex setting,..

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Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a cornerstone of modern cardiac surgery, facilitating complex intracardiac procedures by temporarily assuming the function of the heart and lungs. One of the most critical..

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Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) is one of the most critical advancements in cardiac surgery. It allows the surgical team to operate on a non-beating heart by temporarily taking over the functions..

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Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has long been a cornerstone of cardiac surgery. However, conventional CPB circuits are associated with a range of physiological disturbances including hemodilution, inflammatory response, and coagulopathy...

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Introduction Cardiac surgery is a highly specialized and complex field that requires the seamless coordination of multiple professionals, each bringing their expertise to ensure a successful outcome. The success of..

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Introduction: A Heart That Pauses, A Circuit That Lives When the heart is arrested during cardiac surgery, life continues—thanks to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The theoretical underpinnings of CPB stem from..

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Abstract Perfusionists are central to life-sustaining interventions such as cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and mechanical circulatory support. While the technical dimensions of their work are well recognized,..

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Introduction Oxygen is vital to life and a central element of cardiopulmonary support. During cardiac surgery—whether on mechanical ventilation or cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)—100% oxygen is often used out of tradition..

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Abstract This case report discusses a rare and critical perfusion accident during a minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (CAGB) procedure, where a Eurosets Skipper oxygenator burst 3 minutes after..

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Abstract Background: Management of arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO₂) during extracorporeal circulation is critical to maintaining physiological stability. Both cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) significantly alter natural..

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Abstract Renal failure presents a significant challenge in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), as they are at high risk for acute kidney injury (AKI), electrolyte imbalances, and fluid overload. The..

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Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a life-saving technology used in cardiac surgery; however, it triggers a systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) due to blood contact with non-endothelial surfaces, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and..