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Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy for Non-invasive Monitoring of Peripheral Perfusion During Cardiogenic Shock and VA-ECMO Support: An Experimental Study

Abstract Introduction:  In cardiogenic shock (CS), persistent microcirculatory impairment despite improved macrocirculatory parameters is associated with poor outcomes. Therapeutic strategies must therefore address both macro- and micro-circulation. Conventional microcirculatory measures..

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Hospital Costs Associated With Mechanical Left Ventricular Unloading Devices During VA ECMO for Adult Cardiogenic Shock

Abstract Importance To date, no studies have described the financial burden and behaviors of left ventricular mechanical unloading (LVMU) for patients on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO). Given the..

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Acid–Base Status During Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator Support in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock

Abstract Background The prognostic significance of an adverse acid–base milieu despite venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in patients with cardiogenic shock remains poorly defined. We examined metabolic and respiratory disturbances..

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Generalizability of Landmark Temporary MCS Device Trials: Insights From the CSWG Registry

Abstract Background Landmark randomized controlled trials like DanGer Shock, IABP-SHOCK II, and ECLS-SHOCK guide infarct-related cardiogenic shock (CS) management with temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS), but strict enrollment criteria may..

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A novel less invasive single port pulsatile ventricular assist device

Abstract A less invasive paracorporeal single port pulsatile ventricular assist device (sppVAD) was developed for cardiogenic shock. This compact sppVAD includes a valved single lumen cannula (VSLC), valveless single port..

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Association of VA-ECMO support and long-term quality of life after post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock: experience from a prospective cohort

Abstract Post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock (PC-CS) affects 2–6% of cardiac surgery patients. While survival rates keep improving, 40% of intensive care (ICU) survivors experience a “post-intensive care syndrome”, encompassing physical, cognitive,..

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Temporary circulatory support for cardiogenic shock: technology overview and limitations

Abstract Introduction Temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) has become essential in managing severe cardiac dysfunction, particularly refractory cardiogenic shock (CS). Despite widespread adoption, the optimal use of tMCS is often..

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Arterial Versus Mixed Venous Lactate Levels in 1526 Cardiac Intensive Care Patients

Abstract Time is critical in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiogenic shock, even more so than in septic shock. Early identification enables prompt circulatory support and restoration of tissue oxygenation. Baseline..

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Bleeding in Patients With Infarct-Related Cardiogenic Shock: A DanGer Shock Substudy

Abstract Background The microaxial flow pump (mAFP) has demonstrated improved outcomes in selected patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock (STEMI-CS). However, its use has been associated..

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Role of Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Procedural Support Tool in Cardiovascular Instability: A Case Series

Abstract The use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is increasing worldwide. Patients with cardiogenic shock were the first indication for VA-ECMO according to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO)..

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Towards an understanding of best practice: The good, the bad and the future of cardiogenic shock teams

Abstract Cardiogenic shock (CS) remains a high-mortality condition that demands rapid diagnosis, coordinated multidisciplinary management, and timely initiation of mechanical circulatory support. As more institutions implement dedicated CS teams, substantial..

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Investigating biomarkers associated with mortality in patients receiving VA-ECMO for cardiogenic shock: a systematic review

Abstract Context: Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is a life-sustaining therapy for severe refractory cardiogenic shock. Although VA-ECMO provides various degrees of cardiopulmonary support, mortality rates remain high. Serum biomarkers have..

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A Contemporary Guide of Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Cardiogenic Shock

Abstract Managing refractory cardiogenic shock is individualized, with few aspects considered routine or universally contraindicated. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is a temporary mechanical circulatory support strategy, providing hemodynamic stabilization..

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Modified cardiac power output as a marker for left ventricular recovery during V-A ECMO

Abstract Dear Editor, The timely liberation of cardiogenic shock (CS) patients from veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) is crucial to reduce device  complications, although the predictor of weaning is..

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Levosimendan to Facilitate Weaning From ECMO in Patients With Severe Cardiogenic Shock

Abstract Importance  Levosimendan may facilitate weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) and improve survival, but supporting evidence remains limited. Objective  To assess whether early administration of levosimendan reduces the time to..

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Aortic Pulsatility Index Predicts Native Recovery in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock Supported by Intra-aortic Balloon Pumps

Abstract Background For decades, the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) has been a reliable and readily available pillar of therapy for cardiogenic shock (CS). However, no clinical markers have been validated..

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Cardiac index, SvO2 or pCO2 gap may determine benefit from ECMO in cardiogenic shock: post-hoc analysis of the multicenter, randomized…

Abstract Background Immediate initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has not demonstrated benefit in individuals diagnosed with cardiogenic shock based on the presence of hypotension. The relationship between other hemodynamic..

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Construction of a nomogram model for individualized prediction of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation weaning outcomes in cardiogenic shock

Abstract Objective To construct a nomogram prediction model for death in patients with cardiogenic shock after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) weaning. Methods Totally 210 patients with cardiogenic shock treated with..

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Predictivity of Each Readiness-to-Explant Criterion for Successful Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Explantation

Abstract Background: The use of temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) has revolutionized the management of cardiogenic shock (CS). However, standardized readiness-to-explant criteria for venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) have not been..

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Cardiovascular Physiology During Mechanical Circulatory Support: Implications for Management and Monitoring

Abstract Background/Objectives: Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is increasingly utilized for the management of acute decompensated heart failure (HF) and cardiogenic shock (CS). The primary goals of MCS are to restore systemic..

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Complications of microaxial flow pump and VA-ECMO in infarct-related cardiogenic shock: Insights from the Netherlands heart registration

Abstract Background Active mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is associated with high complication rates. Reducing device-related complications may improve outcomes in patients with infarct-related cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS). This study aims to..

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European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025

Abstract The 2025 European Resuscitation Council (ERC) Guidelines present the most up-to-date evidence-based guidelines for the practice of resuscitation across Europe. The ERC Guidelines 2025 are based on evidence produced..

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A Canadian Experience With a Percutaneous Microaxial Ventricular Assist Device in Children With Cardiogenic Shock

Abstract Background The experience of a percutaneous microaxial (Impella)  in children with  is limited. The primary objective of this study was to review our institutional clinical outcomes of Impella use in children..

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Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support in Cardiogenic Shock: Executive Summary of the Joint Consensus Reports of the PeriOperative Quality Initiative and…

Abstract Background The identification, triage, and management of cardiogenic shock (CS) are complex and resource intensive, particularly given the recent surge in the use of temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS)..

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Hyperoxia and End-Organ Complications Among Cardiogenic Shock Patients Supported by Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Abstract Abstract Objectives:  To investigate whether severe hyperoxia predisposes to end-organ complications and whether these complications contribute to in-hospital mortality among cardiogenic shock (CS) patients supported in veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane..

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Cardiogenic shock: diagnosis, phenotyping and management

Abstract Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a state of critical end-organ hypoperfusion caused by primary cardiac failure, in which the heart cannot generate sufficient output despite adequate preload and is associated..

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Use of Temporary Ventricular Assist Devices for Left Ventricular Unloading During Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) provides temporary mechanical circulatory support for patients in refractory cardiogenic shock. Initiation of VA ECMO often results in increased left ventricular (LV) afterload as..

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Clinical Outcomes of Cardiogenic Shock Patients Supported with VA-ECMO: Insights from the Cardiogenic Shock Working Group

Abstract Background Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) use for cardiogenic shock (CS) is increasing worldwide despite conflicting results from randomized trials, which focused on myocardial-infarction related CS (MI-CS). Methods We..

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Optimal ECLS Support in Mixed Cardiogenic and Septic Shock: An ELSO Registry Analysis

Abstract Background Mixed cardiogenic and septic shock has been shown to have a higher mortality than cardiogenic shock alone and presents a unique hemodynamic phenotype. Objectives This study aimed to..

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Patients Post Cardiac Surgery Requiring Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Outcomes From an Intensivist-Led Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Program

Abstract Post cardiac surgery shock (PCS) is a life-threatening condition that may require the use of mechanical circulatory support. Venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly used to treat..

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