Abstract Objectives To compare the effects of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) versus volatile anesthesia on systemic inflammation and early postoperative cognitive recovery in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Design Prospective, randomized controlled trial. Setting A tertiary care center specializing in pediatric cardiac surgery. Participants Fifty children aged..
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Abstract Introduction: The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is necessary during the repair of most congenital heart disease (CHD). The surface area of the CPB circuit and the volume of the filling prime are relatively large concerning the volume of neonatal and pediatric patients. Consequently, blood is often required to..
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Abstract Background Platelet transfusions are frequently given to preterm neonates. However, observational and randomized studies have reported higher morbidity and mortality associated with increased numbers of transfusions. We hypothesized that this was related to pro-inflammatory effects of transfused platelets. This study assessed the effects of platelet transfusions on bleeding, plasma..
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Abstract Background Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) plays a crucial role in cardiac surgery, with the pump being a key component affecting both hemolysis and thrombosis. Centrifugal levitating pumps (CP) have demonstrated superiority over roller pumps due to reduced hemolysis, but thrombotic risk remains a concern. Nonetheless, there exists a technological gap..
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Abstract Introduction Heparin is usually added to infant cardiopulmonary bypass circuit primes. Ultrafiltration is often used to minimise prime volume before commencing bypass. The extent of heparin removal from bypass primes by ultrafiltration is unknown, however at our institution it was assumed that heparin is freely filtered. The primary aim..
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Abstract Objective This scoping review aimed to examine current literature on the use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in paediatric patients supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). It assessed existing evidence, summarised key findings, explored theoretical limitations, and identified knowledge gaps. Methods A comprehensive search of Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and the..
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Abstract Background: Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) frequently undergo surgery during their first year of life. Infants undergoing CHD surgery experience systemic inflammation and haemodilution that can deplete circulating immunoglobulins (Ig). Methods: In this prospective single-centre observational cohort study without healthy controls, we quantified IgG, IgA and IgM at..
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Scientific Explanation of Tetralogy of Fallot With Pulmonary Atresia and the Therapeutic Role of Dr. Sam Zeraatian-Nejad Davani 1. Introduction to the Disease: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) Tetralogy of Fallot is a cyanotic congenital heart defect characterized by four key components: 1. Large Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) – allowing blood..
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Abstract Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) plays a central role in pediatric cardiac surgery, yet standardized quality indicators (QIs) specific to pediatric practice remain underutilized across institutions. Methods A comprehensive review of literature from 2010 to 2025 was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Eligible studies included randomized trials,..
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Abstract Purpose Postoperative bleeding is a major concern in pediatric cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The comparative utility of viscoelastic testing and central laboratory assays for predicting bleeding risk remains unclear. This study aimed to (1) compare the predictive value of thromboelastography parameters—maximum amplitude of citrated functional fibrinogen (CFF-MA)..
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