Cardiogenic shock syndrome unraveled: understanding the different layers of heterogeneity
Summary Cardiogenic shock (CS) represents a heterogeneous clinical syndrome characterized by sustained tissue hypoperfusion due to cardiac dysfunction, encompassing diverse etiological, hemodynamic, and molecular profiles. The paper emphasizes the need for recognizing CS heterogeneity through clinical classification, ventriculo-arterial coupling, macro- and microcirculatory considerations, and molecular subphenotyping. These multiple layers of complexity suggest that personalized medicine […]
