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Progress in Understanding Brain Injury After Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Cardiac Surgery: A Narrative Review

Abstract The application of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has significantly advanced cardiovascular surgery. However, CPB-associated brain injury remains a critical complication that affects patient prognosis and quality of life. Overt stroke..

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Prolonged hypoxemia before tetralogy of Fallot surgery: Harmful or harmless?

Abstract Introduction Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic heart disease (CHD). The associated cardiac abnormalities disrupt oxygenation and depending on disease severity, infants with TOF syndrome are..

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Cardiovascular Involvement of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Multicentric Observational Study on Mid- and Long-term Follow-up with Cardiovascular Imaging

Abstract Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a relatively rare complication of COVID-19, with frequent cardiovascular involvement, in terms of pericarditis, valvulitis, coronary aneurysms, and myocardial dysfunction/cardiogenic shock...

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ABO-incompatible pediatric lung transplant performed with immunoadsorption column system: A case report

Abstract An 11-month-old infant was admitted to the intensive care unit after cardiorespiratory arrest associated with the parainfluenza virus. Despite interventions, deterioration persisted. Echocardiography revealed severe pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid gradient..

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Population pharmacokinetics of methylprednisolone in neonates and paediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract Purpose Methylprednisolone is used during paediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass to attenuate the systemic inflammatory response. However, developmental differences in drug disposition and cardiopulmonary bypass–related factors contribute to..

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Cardiopulmonary Bypass Priming Practices and Blood Product Availability in Neonatal Cardiac Surgery: A European Survey

Abstract Neonatal cardiac surgery requires cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) strategies that minimize hemodilution while maintaining adequate oxygen delivery and hemostatic balance. Despite increasing emphasis on patient blood management (PBM), contemporary CPB..

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The immunomodulatory effect of continuous ultrafiltration during pediatric cardiac surgery

Abstract Background Cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with systemic inflammation during pediatric cardiac surgery and features elevated systemic concentrations of complement, cytokines and chemokines. The objective of this study is to..

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Structural Covariance Analysis of Altered Brain Development in Neonates With Congenital Heart Disease After Surgery

Abstract Background Brain development is altered in neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD), with well-characterised reductions in regional brain volumes and enlargement of CSF spaces. However, perioperative morphological changes remain..

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2026 American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) expert consensus statement: Antithrombotic management of neonates/infants undergoing cardiac interventions

Abstract Objectives The hemostatic system in neonates and infants with congenital heart disease is distinct as a result of developmental and disease-specific factors, necessitating population-specific periprocedural evaluation and antithrombotic management...

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Decreasing the post surgical ooze: Utilizing a perioperative guideline to decrease transfusion needs following congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair on ECMO

Abstract Purpose To evaluate changes in post-operative transfusion requirements of infants undergoing congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) repair on ECMO following implementation of a perioperative guideline. Methods In 2021, a multidisciplinary..

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Use of whole blood in pediatric congenital heart surgery

Abstract Objectives Cardiopulmonary bypass is necessary for surgical repair of complex congenital heart disease. We studied whether whole blood use in circuit prime and for initial intraoperative transfusion needs improved..

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Nadir Oxygen Delivery During Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury: A Pilot Cohort Study

Abstract Background: Among infants undergoing cardiac surgery, AKI may affect as many as 40% of this population and carries an unfavorable prognosis. A range of contributors has been implicated, including early..

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Modified Ultrafiltration and Association with Outcomes after Neonatal Cardiac Surgery

Abstract BACKGROUND We sought to determine if modified ultrafiltration (MUF) in the current era was associated with improved outcomes after neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS Retrospective analysis of the PC4/NEPHRON..

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Postoperative Hematocrit and Lactate Trajectory After Neonatal Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract Lactate clearance is a key marker of oxygen delivery after neonatal cardiac surgery. While higher hematocrit (HCT) is often targeted to optimize oxygen delivery, its relationship with postoperative lactate..

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The evolution of neonatal DCD protocols

      Dr.Sam Zeraatian Nejad Davani,  Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgeon Transplant and Thoracic Organs Recovery Surgeon.  Director of Georgia Atlanta Procure on Demand Thoracic Organs Transplant and Procurement Surgery. ..

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Risk factors and outcomes of early postoperative complications following congenital heart surgery: a retrospective study at a tertiary care hospital…

Abstract Introduction Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) remains a major health challenge globally, with surgical interventions being the primary treatment modality for many defects. While advancements in cardiac surgery have improved..

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Predictive value of oxygen delivery and regional oxygen saturation during cardiopulmonary bypass for cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury in neonates…

Abstract  Objective: To explore the predictive value of intraoperative oxygen delivery (DO2) and renal regional oxygen saturation (rSO2 ) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI)..

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Sevoflurane diffusion across four paediatric cardiopulmonary bypass oxygenators: a laboratory investigation

Abstract In children, validated tools to monitor anaesthetic depth are lacking. In routine practice, dosing of volatile agents relies on surrogate markers such as minimum alveolar concentration and autonomic responses. In..

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Fluid balance during PICU stay in children after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract Background Pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery are at risk for developing positive cumulative fluid balance (CFB). Our goal was to study postoperative CFB in this population, its explanatory variables,..

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Heparin Dose-Response Curve for Heparin Dose Determination During Cardiopulmonary Bypass for Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study

Abstract Objectives To determine whether individualized heparin dosing guided by a heparin dose-response (HDR) curve is noninferior to conventional weight-based dosing in achieving target activated clotting time (ACT) of ≥480..

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Pulses that predict: Postoperative perfusion index and outcomes in high-risk pediatric cardiac surgery

Abstract Background Children undergoing high-risk cardiac surgery face significant postoperative morbidity and mortality risk, and early recognition of impaired systemic perfusion is critical. Current monitoring modalities, such as lactate, central..

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Cerebral Autoregulation During Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion in Neonates Undergoing Congenital Cardiac Surgery

Abstract Objectives Antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) is used to protect the brain during aortic arch reconstructions. It is unknown whether cerebral autoregulation remains intact during ACP. This study was designed..

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Integration of the Korean and World Databases for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery: A Model for Global Registry Collaboration

Abstract Background: Establishing the Korean Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery Database (KPCHSD) and linking it to the World Database for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery (WDPCHS) is an important step..

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An Insight Into a Potential Antithrombin-Independent Mechanism of Inadequate Heparin Response in Neonates and Infants Undergoing Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: An…

Abstract Objectives Inadequate heparin response is frequently observed in neonates and young infants. While low antithrombin level is considered to be the primary cause, the existing literature suggests that it..

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Association Between Preoperative Iron Deficiency and Postoperative Outcomes in Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Abstract Objectives To determine the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia and their association with adverse outcomes in children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Design Retrospective review...

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Extracorporeal-Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Deployment in the Pediatric Emergency Department Setting: 2000-2023 Report For the American Heart Association’s Get With the Guidelines®-Resuscitation…

Abstract Objectives: Pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) events leading to extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (E-CPR) most often occur in the ICU in cardiac patients. Since there is little information about using..

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A Novel Neonatal Brain Injury Score for Infants With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Abstract Background Infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are at increased risk of neuroimaging abnormalities and neurodevelopmental impairment. There is no standardized neuroimaging scoring system in this patient population. Our..

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Patient and family-centered concerns in pediatric cardiac surgery: a Middle Eastern perspective

Abstract Background Congenital heart disease affects approximately 1% of live births worldwide and remains among the most significant contributors to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Approximately half of them require surgical..

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Perioperative Metabolomic Profiling in Neonatal Cardiac Surgery Identifies a High-Risk Phenotype for Adverse Outcomes

Abstract Background Neonatal cardiac surgery is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Perioperative metabolic stress may result in distinct metabolic phenotypes associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Objectives The purpose of..

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Mortality and Risk Factors in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease in Mexico

Abstract Objective: To describe surgical outcomes, in-hospital mortality, and variables associated with mortality in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) at a national referral center in México over 14..

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