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Association between the gut microbiome and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with congenital heart disease: A prospective cohort study

Abstract Background Children with congenital heart disease are at risk for poor neurodevelopment. The gut microbiome may influence neurodevelopmental outcomes through the gut-brain axis. This study investigated the association of..

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Iron-related protein in prediction of acute kidney injury in the pediatric population after cardiac surgery

Abstract Background Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a frequent post-operative complication following cardiac surgery in the clinical setting. Iron metabolism disorders are a key cause of kidney injury during the..

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The “Heart-and-Brain Interaction” in Newborns with Complex Congenital Heart Disease

Abstract Objectives Neonates with complex congenital heart disease (CHD), in particular newborns with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) or transposition of the great arteries (TGA), may show brain pathologies and..

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LVAD Implantation in Pediatric Population

LVAD Implantation in Pediatric Population inflow from LV and outflow to Ascending Aorta.   LVAD Implantation in the Pediatric Population   By Sam Zeraatiannejaddavani, MD   ⸻   A —..

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Stabilizing the Unstable: An Analysis of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database of Children Supported With Extracorporeal…

Abstract Background Children with heart disease and cardiopulmonary failure may be supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for stabilization before cardiac surgery. This study describes their epidemiology and outcomes. Methods..

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Performance of Supervised Machine Learning Models for Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Children: Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study, 2019–2022

Abstract Objectives:  To derive and externally validate supervised machine learning (ML) models predictive of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI). Design:  Retrospective cohort analysis. Setting:  Multicenter (4), cardiac surgical centers..

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Total Intravenous Versus Volatile Anesthesia in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: Inflammatory Response and Early Recovery Profiles

Abstract Objectives To compare the effects of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) versus volatile anesthesia on systemic inflammation and early postoperative cognitive recovery in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary..

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Blood Prime Of The Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circuit In Congenital Heart Surgery

Abstract Introduction: The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is necessary during the repair of most congenital heart disease (CHD). The surface area of the CPB circuit and the volume of..

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Effects of platelet transfusions on neonatal bleeding and inflammation

Abstract Background Platelet transfusions are frequently given to preterm neonates. However, observational and randomized studies have reported higher morbidity and mortality associated with increased numbers of transfusions. We hypothesized that..

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Comparing fluid dynamics of newborn and adult centrifugal pumps in cardiopulmonary bypass procedures

Abstract Background Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) plays a crucial role in cardiac surgery, with the pump being a key component affecting both hemolysis and thrombosis. Centrifugal levitating pumps (CP) have demonstrated..

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Preparation of a cardiopulmonary bypass priming solution for infants and neonates – effect of pre-bypass ultrafiltration on heparinization

Abstract Introduction Heparin is usually added to infant cardiopulmonary bypass circuit primes. Ultrafiltration is often used to minimise prime volume before commencing bypass. The extent of heparin removal from bypass..

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A scoping review: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) use in paediatric ECMO

Abstract Objective This scoping review aimed to examine current literature on the use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in paediatric patients supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). It assessed existing evidence,..

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Peri-operative Immunoglobulin Dynamics and Infection Risk in Infants Undergoing Congenital Heart Surgery: A Prospective Observational Cohort

Abstract Background:  Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) frequently undergo surgery during their first year of life. Infants undergoing CHD surgery experience systemic inflammation and haemodilution that can deplete circulating..

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Tetralogy of Fallot With Pulmonary Atresia and the Therapeutic Role ( Scientific Explanation)

Scientific Explanation of Tetralogy of Fallot With Pulmonary Atresia and the Therapeutic Role of Dr. Sam Zeraatian-Nejad Davani 1. Introduction to the Disease: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) Tetralogy of Fallot..

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Quality indicators in pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass: Current perspectives and future directions

Abstract Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) plays a central role in pediatric cardiac surgery, yet standardized quality indicators (QIs) specific to pediatric practice remain underutilized across institutions. Methods A comprehensive review..

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Predictors of postoperative bleeding in pediatric cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass: a comparative study of thromboelastography parameters and central laboratory…

Abstract Purpose Postoperative bleeding is a major concern in pediatric cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The comparative utility of viscoelastic testing and central laboratory assays for predicting bleeding risk..

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The impact of remote ischemic preconditioning on postoperative outcomes in pediatric cardiac surgery: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPreC) has been regarded as a promising strategy to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury to the heart and other organs caused by cardiopulmonary bypass. While RIPreC has demonstrated..

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Neuromonitoring and neuroprotection during neonatal aortic arch surgery: A United Kingdom and Ireland survey

Abstract Introduction Neonatal aortic arch surgery is associated with neurological morbidity of varying severity which is detected and potentially limited through neuroprotective strategies. We conducted a survey of healthcare professionals..

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Routine administration of enoximone in neonates and infants undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass to prevent and treat early low…

Abstract Low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) is defined by an insufficient cardiac output to meet metabolic demands, leading to tissue hypoperfusion and potential organ dysfunction. Although it affects up to 42%..

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Thrombus formation in neonates and early infants undergoing congenital heart surgery

Abstract Objective This study evaluated thrombus formation and its impact on outcomes in neonates and early infants undergoing congenital heart surgery. Methods Neonates and early infants (≤90 days) undergoing congenital..

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Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Exclusion criteria for repair or ECMO?

Abstract Background Mortality in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) approximates 30 %. Both severe lung hypoplasia and other anomalies contribute to demise regardless of repair and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We..

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Entropy-guided sevoflurane administration during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in the paediatric population

Abstract Background Maintaining optimal anesthetic depth during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in pediatric patients is challenging due to altered physiology and unreliable conventional monitoring. Entropy, a processed electroencephalogram metric, offers a..

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Cytokine profile of Post–cardiopulmonary bypass in children

Abstract Background Open cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) triggers a systemic inflammatory response that significantly affects clinical outcomes. However, the dynamics and specific roles of cytokine release after CPB..

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Health-Related Quality of Life in Children 4-5 Years After Open Heart Surgery in Early Infancy

Abstract Background Health-related  (HRQL) is an important outcome measure in . We aimed to determine HRQL of children who underwent complex cardiac surgery at age ≤6 weeks with follow-up at age 4-5..

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Development and External Validation of a Novel In-hospital Mortality Model after Pediatric Congenital Heart Surgery: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract Background: The applicability of four major traditional in-hospital mortality models in the Chinese setting is unclear due to disease spectrum and population heterogeneity. This study aimed to test the..

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A randomised clinical trial of regional cerebral perfusion versus deep hypothermic circulatory arrest: five-year and ten-year follow-up for neurodevelopmental outcomes…

Abstract Objective:This study aimed to evaluate school-age neurodevelopmental outcomes among children with single ventricle heart disease who underwent neonatal Norwood operation with regional cerebral perfusion compared to deep hypothermic circulatory..

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Pre-bypass ultrafiltration reduces cytokine burden of blood prime in pediatric cardiac surgery

Abstract Allogeneic red blood cells (RBCs) are commonly used for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit priming in congenital heart surgery. While convection-based pre-bypass ultrafiltration (PBUF) corrects acid–base, electrolyte, and metabolite imbalances,..

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Variation in Techniques of Selective Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion in Neonates Undergoing Aortic Arch Reconstruction: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract Background Despite the widespread adoption of selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP) for neonatal aortic arch reconstruction, significant variability in techniques persists across institutions, thus reflecting limited supporting data and..

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Developing a Protocol for Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Tandem With Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) and ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)…

Abstract Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in pediatric patients presents many challenges, including management of a large extracorporeal volume (ECV) and calcium replacement for patients who may not be able to..

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A Canadian Experience With a Percutaneous Microaxial Ventricular Assist Device in Children With Cardiogenic Shock

Abstract Background The experience of a percutaneous microaxial (Impella)  in children with  is limited. The primary objective of this study was to review our institutional clinical outcomes of Impella use in children..

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