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Randomized controlled trial of remote ischemic preconditioning in children having cardiac surgery

Abstract Background Children undergoing cardiac surgery are at risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) and cardiac dysfunction. Opportunity exists in protecting end organ function with remote ischemic preconditioning. We hypothesize..

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Pao2 and Mortality in Neonatal Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Retrospective Analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry, 2015–2020

Abstract Objectives:  Extracorporeal life support can lead to rapid reversal of hypoxemia but the benefits and harms of different oxygenation targets in severely ill patients are unclear. Our primary objective..

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Epidemiologic trends, risk factors and outcomes for pediatric myocarditis in the COVID era

Abstract Background During the peak of the COVID pandemic, there was a high degree of awareness around myocarditis as a potential manifestation. However, it is not very clear if hospitalizations..

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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation After Liver Transplant in Children: A Review of the ELSO Registry

Abstract There are minimal data describing use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in pediatric patient after a liver transplantation (LT). This study aimed at describing ECMO run in this specific..

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Preclinical Proof-of-Concept of a Minimally Invasive Direct Cardiac Compression Device for Pediatric Heart Support

Abstract Purpose For pediatric patients, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) remains the predominant mechanical circulatory support (MCS) modality for heart failure (HF) although survival to discharge rates remain between 50 and..

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Clinical Effects of Nitric Oxide Added to the Oxygenator of Children on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Pre-Post Cohort Study

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) can be safely delivered through the sweep gas to the oxygenator of an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit. It has theoretical benefits such as preventing platelet..

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Cerebral microhemorrhages in children with congenital heart disease: Prevalence, risk factors, and impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes

Abstract Background Infants with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) require life-saving corrective/palliative heart surgery in the first weeks of life. These infants are at risk for brain injury and poor neurodevelopmental..

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Impact of pre-bypass ultrafiltration on prime values and clinical outcomes in neonatal and infant cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract Background: A standard blood prime for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in congenital cardiac surgery may possess non-physiologic values for electrolytes, glucose, and lactate. Pre-bypass Ultrafiltration (PBUF) can make these values..

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Statistical analysis plan for the NITric oxide during cardiopulmonary bypass to improve Recovery in Infants with Congenital heart defects (NITRIC)…

Abstract Background: The  during  (CPB) to improve Recovery in Infants with  (NITRIC) trial, a 1320-patient, multicentre, , is aiming to improve survival free of ventilation after CPB by using nitric oxide delivered into the  of the..

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First report of successful treatment of chronic pediatric tibial osteomyelitis and fracture using autologous platelet-rich plasma

Abstract  is a refractory disease caused by microbial invasion of the bone, leading to destruction of the . It is more common in children. Osteomyelitis requires long  at high cost and is..

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Effect of Red Blood Cell Transfusion on Regional Tissue Oxygenation in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Patients

Abstract BACKGROUND:  Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are used frequently in pediatric patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after cardiac surgery. To improve data-driven transfusion decision-making in the..

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Nonresuscitation Fluid Accumulation and Outcomes After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract OBJECTIVES:  Postoperative patients after congenital cardiac surgery are at high risk of fluid overload (FO), which is known to be associated with poor outcomes. “Fluid creep,” or nonresuscitation IV..

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Performance Evaluation of Geometrically Different Pediatric Arterial Cannulae in a Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass Model

Abstract Objective: To define a reference chart comparing pressure drop vs. flow generated by a set of arterial cannulae currently utilized in cardiopulmonary bypass conditions in pediatric surgery. Methods: Cannulae from two..

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Preoperative Sildenafil in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Congenital Heart Surgeries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background.  Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of congenital heart disease (CHD). With early surgical intervention, outcomes have improved over the last two decades. Persistent PH, however, may..

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Predicting pediatric cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury using machine learning

Abstract Background Prediction of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) in pediatric patients is crucial to improve outcomes and guide clinical decision-making. This study aimed to develop a supervised machine..

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Use of point‑of‑care ultrasound (POCUS) to monitor neonatal and pediatric extracorporeal life support

Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an invasive life support technique that requires a blood pump, an artificial membrane lung, and vascular cannulae to drain de-oxygenated blood, remove carbon dioxide,..

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Effect of red blood cell storage time in pediatric cardiac surgery patients: A subgroup analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine whether or not transfusion of fresh red blood cells (RBCs) reduced the incidence of new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome compared with..

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Recommendations for centers performing pediatric heart surgery in the United States

Abstract Care and outcomes for the more than 40,000 patients undergoing pediatric and congenital heart surgery in the United States annually are known to vary widely. While consensus recommendations have..

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Dose Effect of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Delivery Through Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Abstract Background Neurologic impairments are a significant concern for survivors after  cardiac surgery with  (CPB). We have previously shown that mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) delivery through CPB has the potential to mitigate the effects..

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Factor XI Inhibition With Heparin Reduces Clot Formation in Simulated Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) supplies circulatory support and gas exchange to critically ill patients. Despite the use of systemic anticoagulation, blood exposure to ECMO surfaces causes thromboembolism complications. Inhibition..

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Carboxyhemoglobin and Methemoglobin Levels and Hemolysis in Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Abstract Hemolysis is a complication of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and methemoglobin (MetHb) were suggested as potential hemolysis biomarkers. This retrospective study was based on a prospective registry aimed..

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Perioperative prophylactic corticosteroids for cardiac surgery in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objective Perioperative corticosteroids have been used for  cardiac surgery for decades, but the underlying evidence is conflicting. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of perioperative prophylactic corticosteroids in  heart..

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Depth of anesthesia, temperature, and postoperative delirium in children and adolescents undergoing cardiac surgery

Abstract Background After pediatric cardiosurgical interventions, postoperative delirium can occur, which can be associated with undesirable consequences during and after the hospital stay. It is therefore important to avoid any..

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Balloon atrial septostomy versus left atrial cannulation for left heart decompression in children with dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis on extracorporeal…

Abstract Introduction In children with myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for cardiogenic shock, it is often necessary to decompress the left heart to minimize distension..

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Contemporary Outcomes of Children With Acute Fulminant Myocarditis Supported With Peripheral Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Abstract Despite extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) utilization in nearly 20% of cases, there are limited data in children with acute fulminant myocarditis (AFM) requiring ECMO. Herein we identify risk factors..

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Analysis of P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 Ratio and Other Perfusion Markers in a Population of 98 Pediatric Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Abstract Background:   The so-called Low Cardiac Output Syndrome (LCOS) is one of the most common complications in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease undergoing corrective surgery. LCOS requires high..

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The choice of perioperative inotropic support impacts the outcome of small infants undergoing complex cardiac surgery: an observational study

Abstract BACKGROUND: Vaso-inotropic agents are frequently used to prevent and/or treat low cardiac output syndrome in infants undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease. Due to the lack of comparative studies,..

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Circuit change in neonatal and pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is associated with adverse outcomes

Abstract Introduction Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuits may be changed during the run for multiple reasons; however, these circuit changes may be associated with adverse events. Predictors for undergoing a..

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Encouraging results of blood conservation in neonatal open-heart surgery

Abstract Objective To report early outcomes of blood conservation in neonatal open-heart surgery. Methods Ninety-nine patients undergoing neonatal open-heart surgery during the implementation of a blood conservation program between May..

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The beneficial use of nitric oxide during cardiopulmonary bypass on postoperative outcomes in children and adult patients: a systematic review…

Abstract Purpose Investigate inhaled nitric oxide’s influence on mortality rates, mechanical ventilation and cardiopulmonary bypass duration, and length of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital when administered during..

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