
Abstract
Traditional methods of heart transplantation utilizing allografts from donors after circulatory death (DCD) involve 2 periods of ischemia and 2 ischemia reperfusion injuries (IRI). Both ischemia and IRI are associated with increased rates of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) as well as worsened short- and long-term survival. To minimize the ischemic insults – compounded by the subsequent reperfusion injuries – we have developed a beating heart implantation technique that obviates the need for a second cardioplegic arrest after ex vivo normothermic perfusion. By implanting the heart while beating and perfused with warm blood from the recipient cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit, this method mitigates ischemic and reperfusion injuries and has the potential to improve both short- and long-term outcomes by reducing the inflammatory response to these insults. This method is easily adoptable by experienced high volume heart transplant centers and has become our center’s standard of care for DCD heart transplantation. Herein, we describe the technical steps for beating heart implantation.
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