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60 years of ARDS and the evolution of extracorporeal lung support – from ECMO to ECCO2R

Abstract Extracorporeal life support (ECLS), including venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) and  extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO₂R), is an established treatment for selected patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)...

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Prehabilitation clinic in cardiac surgery: multidisciplinary protocol for the improvement of postoperative outcomes

Abstract Background Prehabilitation in cardiac surgery is a multidisciplinary approach aimed at optimizing the clinical and functional status of patients awaiting elective procedures. Interventions addressing nutrition, physical activity, psychological support..

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Neurological complications in veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and the potential role of targeted temperature management– A narrative review

Abstract Background Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is increasingly used to provide circulatory support in acute cardiac failure. However, it is frequently complicated by neurological injury, which substantially worsens morbidity..

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Microcirculation and Cerebrovascular Autoregulation in Patients With Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices

Abstract Acute brain injury (ABI) affects up to one-third of patients using mechanical circulatory support (MCS). In venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO), ABI incidence (11%-40%) has not improved in..

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Determination of brain death in potential donors on ECMO support

Abstract Background A recent update of the German directive on determining brain death introduced changes regarding the diagnostics in potential donors on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Physicians familiar with ECMO must..

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Reliable Flow, Cost-Effective, Comfortable: Tunneled Veno-Pulmonary Artery Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Cannulation Technique

Abstract Veno-venous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has many limitations, including patient comfort and, oftentimes, mobility issues. Veno-pulmonary (VP) ECMO offers respiratory support without recirculation and right heart support. For..

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Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Support in the Setting of Type A Aortic Dissection Repair—Too Little Too Late?

Abstract Background Use of venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the setting of type A aortic dissection (TAAD) has been described in the literature as salvage therapy, with morbid..

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The effects of mechanical ventilation during v-a ecmo support: a systematic review

Abstract Background Mechanical ventilation is routinely used during veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO), but its role in influencing hemodynamics and supporting cardiac recovery remains poorly understood. This systematic review..

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Novel Extracorporeal Life Support System to Mitigate Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury During Prolonged Aortic and Inferior Vena Caval Occlusion

Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) have been reported to manage hemodynamics and reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements during high-risk abdominal surgeries...

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Diagnostic Imaging Challenges During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Abstract Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a critical life support therapy for severe cardiac and respiratory failure, but it is associated with thromboembolic, hemorrhagic, and neurological complications. Diagnostic imaging..

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Anticoagulation Strategies in Adults Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-saving intervention for patients with severe cardiac or respiratory failure, but it is associated with a high risk of thrombotic and bleeding..

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Costs and complications of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy in Australia and New Zealand

Abstract Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-saving form of cardiopulmonary support for patients with severe refractory cardiopulmonary disease. It is a resource-intensive intervention requiring specialised equipment and personnel,..

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Comparison of Left Ventricular Pressure-Volume Loops With Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator Support: In Vitro Investigation

Abstract Background The hemodynamic consequence of increasing veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (V-A ECMO) flow on left ventricular (LV) loading is controversial, with in vivo studies reporting conflicting results on left ventricular..

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Clinical Outcomes of Different Heparin Anticoagulation Monitoring Targets in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract Objectives This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes associated with different systemic heparin protocols (conservative v standard intensity) during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Included studies comprised both..

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Safety and efficacy of OASSIST ECMO system: A first-in-human, multi-center, clinical trial

Abstract Background Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) provides respiratory and circulatory support in patients with severe cardiorespiratory failure. As ECMO technology advances, portability has become an important design consideration for transport..

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Hypothermia exacerbates kidney injury during extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Abstract Objective Kidney injury is one of the most common complications of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), yet the renoprotective effects of temperature management during ECPR remain inconclusive. This study aimed..

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Rescue strategies combining ultra-protective ventilation and veno-venous ECMO in a patient with near-drowning-related severe ARDS: a case report and literature…

Abstract Background Drowning can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is associated with high mortality and poses substantial clinical management challenges. Ultra-protective ventilation strategy combined with veno-venous extracorporeal..

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Improving outcomes of patients with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Abstract Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) is a potentially lifesaving yet resource-intensive organ support option for patients with very severe respiratory failure refractory to optimized conventional management. Mortality remains..

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Artificial intelligence-guided tools in adult ECMO: Current advancements, emerging Trends and future directions

Abstract Introduction Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides life support for patients with refractory cardiac or respiratory failure. The complexity of ECMO management and associated mortality necessitates high-accuracy clinical decision-making systems...

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Proactive versus resuscitative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for low cardiac output syndrome after cardiac surgery

Abstract Objectives We sought to evaluate extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use for low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) after congenital heart surgery. Our primary aims were (1) to compare hospital mortality..

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Surgical technique of donation after circulatory death heart procurement using direct procurement and hypothermic oxygenated perfusion preservation

Abstract Introduction Donation after circulatory death (DCD) has re-emerged as a means of expanding the donor heart pool. Current clinical practice relies mainly on direct procurement followed by normothermic machine..

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Hemolysis testing in circulatory support pumps: Standards, mock loops, and pulsatility

Abstract Hemolysis evaluation is central to the safety assessment of blood pumps and extracorporeal circulatory support, yet clinically relevant hemolysis continues to occur despite widespread use of standardized in vitro..

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Vascular implications of non-pulsatile flow extracorporeal life support

Abstract Extracorporeal life support has become a widely integrated tool in treating refractor cardiopulmonary failure. Under normal physiologic conditions, arterial blood flow is inherently pulsatile, and cyclic shear stress plays..

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Long-term quality of life and functional outcomes in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivors

Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has become an increasingly vital intervention for patients with severe cardiac and respiratory failure, significantly improving short-term survival rates. However, there is growing recognition of..

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ELSO-score: A practical pre-ECMO risk model for predicting in-hospital mortality in patients receiving VA-ECMO

Abstract Background Despite advancements in management strategies, patients with refractory cardiogenic shock (CS) have high mortality. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is increasingly utilized as temporary mechanical support in these..

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How to optimize brain perfusion and prevent cerebral complications during extracorporeal life support

Abstract Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is increasingly used to rescue patients with refractory respiratory failure, cardiogenic shock and/or cardiac arrest. Acute brain injury during ECLS is common and associated with..

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Prophylactic temporary mechanical circulatory support: The new paradigm in cardiac surgery

Abstract Background Post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock (PCCS) remains one of the most lethal complications of cardiac surgery, with high in-hospital mortality despite major improvements in operative techniques, and intensive care management...

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A Novel Trans-Septal Cannula for Wearable Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: In Vitro Hemodynamic Evaluation and Placement Feasibility

Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) supports patients with end-stage heart and lung disease awaiting transplantation. In pulmonary hypertension, veno-arterial ECMO (VA-ECMO) is common but linked to vascular complications and limited..

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Hemodynamic monitoring during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A scoping review

Abstract Background In adult patients receiving veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VV ECMO), cardiovascular performance plays a critical role in determining oxygen delivery, organ perfusion and safe titration of extracorporeal support...

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ECMO transports perspectives on organization and patient management: A narrative review

Abstract Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an established life support technique for refractory acute cardiorespiratory failure in children and adult patients. However, ECMO support is provided only by specialized..

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