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Perioperative Antithrombin Activity and Postoperative Outcomes in Adult Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Cohort in Contemporary Plasma-Sparing Practice

Abstract Objectives To determine whether low pre- or post-bypass antithrombin (AT) activity identifies adult cardiac surgery patients at increased risk of adverse outcomes in settings where plasma transfusion is rare...

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International Variation in Cardiopulmonary Bypass-Associated Coagulation Management: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Abstract Background Considerable variability persists in coagulation management during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) supported cardiac surgery. This survey aimed to describe contemporary reported practices across international settings. Methods A cross-sectional, web-based..

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Physiological anticoagulant deficiencies: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and clinical implications

Abstract Physiological anticoagulants are essential regulators of coagulation, and their deficiency shifts hemostasis toward a prothrombotic state, increasing the risk of venous thromboembolism. The main physiological anticoagulants, antithrombin (AT), protein..

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2026 American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) expert consensus statement: Antithrombotic management of neonates/infants undergoing cardiac interventions

Abstract Objectives The hemostatic system in neonates and infants with congenital heart disease is distinct as a result of developmental and disease-specific factors, necessitating population-specific periprocedural evaluation and antithrombotic management...

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Physiological anticoagulant deficiencies: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and clinical implications

Abstract Physiological anticoagulants are essential regulators of coagulation, and their deficiency shifts hemostasis toward a prothrombotic state, increasing the risk of venous thromboembolism. The main physiological anticoagulants, antithrombin (AT), protein..

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Optimizing Heparin and Protamine Dosing During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Using Activated Clotting Time-Guided Protocols: A Single-Centre Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Objectives To evaluate whether an activated clotting time (ACT)-guided, formula-based anticoagulation strategy supported by viscoelastic coagulation monitoring (ROTEM) improves perioperative coagulation management and reduces bleeding compared with standard weight-based..

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How to monitor and manage unfractionated heparin in practice (Part 1)? Guidance from the SSC of the ISTH

Abstract The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) recently published a survey on the management of unfractionated heparin (UFH), which revealed substantial heterogeneity in practice and highlighted the need..

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Anticoagulation Strategies for Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: A Brief Review and Practical Algorithm

Abstract Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) represents a high-risk perioperative challenge in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Although unfractionated heparin remains the standard anticoagulant for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), its use in patients with..

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From general guidance to surgical reality: Adapting the heparin-induced thrombocytopenia algorithm for cardiac surgery

Abstract Unfractionated heparin (UFH) exposure before cardiac surgery is ubiquitous. Patients who undergo urgent coronary surgery have almost invariably received intravenous UFH, and patients who undergo elective surgery receive it..

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How to monitor and manage unfractionated heparin in practice (Part 1)? Guidance from the SSC of the ISTH

Abstract The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) recently published a survey on the management of unfractionated heparin (UFH), which revealed substantial heterogeneity in practice and highlighted the need..

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Navigating anticoagulation in heart transplantation with thrombin–antithrombin complex: when conventional monitoring fails

Abstract Background Heart transplant recipients often face the clinical dilemma of coexisting bleeding and thrombotic risks postoperatively. Conventional anticoagulation monitoring parameters (e.g., platelet count, fibrinogen, D‑dimer, and anti‑Xa activity) frequently..

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Evaluation of Activated Clotting Time Response to Unfractionated Heparin in Vascular Surgery: An Observational Study

Abstract Objectives Activated clotting time (ACT) is widely used to monitor intraoperative anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin (UFH) during vascular surgery, but the most informative ACT-derived metric and the optimal approach..

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Sonorheometry Quantra QPlus Characteristics in Adult Cardiac Surgical Patients: An Observational Cohort Study

Abstract BACKGROUND: Validation of the Quantra QPlus sonorheometry cartridge (Hemosonics Corporation) in cardiac surgical patients is limited. The primary aim of our study was to quantify the accuracy of the..

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Incidence and Temporal Changes of Transfusion and Coagulation Management in Cardiac Surgery: Insights From the Netherlands Heart Registration

Abstract Objectives To describe perioperative transfusion rates, hospital variability, temporal trends, and the association between red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and predefined risk factors in Dutch cardiac surgery. Design Nationwide..

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Efficacy and safety of prothrombin complex concentrate versus fresh frozen plasma in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a systematic review…

Abstract Background Postoperative bleeding is a common and potentially life-threatening complication following cardiac surgery, often exacerbated by multifactorial coagulopathy from cardiopulmonary bypass, hypothermia, and platelet dysfunction. While fresh frozen plasma..

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Laboratory Monitoring Unfractionated Heparin Treatments: Unanswered Issues

Abstract Unfractionated heparin (UFH) has long been an anticoagulant of choice. Despite the increasing use of low molecular weight heparin derivatives and more recently direct oral anticoagulants, UFH is still..

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The association of estimated citrate load with frozen plasma versus four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate for coagulopathy after cardiac surgery: a…

Abstract Background Frozen plasma (FP) is the standard haemostatic therapy after cardiopulmonary bypass, but recent trials indicate that FP is inferior to four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). Citrate content may..

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Heparin Dose-Response Curve for Heparin Dose Determination During Cardiopulmonary Bypass for Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study

Abstract Objectives To determine whether individualized heparin dosing guided by a heparin dose-response (HDR) curve is noninferior to conventional weight-based dosing in achieving target activated clotting time (ACT) of ≥480..

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Development and Validation of an Integrated Artificial Intelligence-Powered Clinical Decision Support Application for Cardiac Critical Care: Combining Coagulation Management, Blood…

Abstract This study describes the development and preliminary validation of an integrated clinical decision support application (Cardiac Critical Care Advisor Pro, CCA Pro v6.0) that combines viscoelastic coagulation analysis, arterial..

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Coagulation-Friendly Environment in Cardiac Surgery: A Narrative Review

Abstract Perioperative bleeding remains a major complication in cardiac surgery and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and transfusion requirements. While patient blood management strategies and goal-directed hemostatic therapies have..

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Development of a novel anticoagulant and fibrinolytic management monitoring method during extracorporeal circulation using clot-fibrinolysis waveform analysis: the effects of…

Abstract Clot-fibrinolysis waveform analysis (CFWA) enables the simultaneous assessment of coagulation and fibrinolytic functions within a short timeframe. We evaluated the effects of commonly used anticoagulants on coagulation–fibrinolysis balance using..

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ROTEM versus conventional coagulation tests in evaluating coagulopathy and transfusion requirement in ECMO patients: A retrospective study

Abstract Introduction Critically ill ECMO patients face high bleeding risks from anticoagulation and other factors. Although viscoelastic tests, like ROTEM, are widely used to assess hemostasis, evidence for their superiority..

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Safety of prolonged anticoagulation-free venovenous ECMO management beyond 72 hours in post-traumatic ARDS: A single-center retrospective cohort study

Abstract Introduction Standard anticoagulation protocols for patients with trauma-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (TR-ARDS) undergoing venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) are often inapplicable due to high bleeding risks. This study..

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Incidence and Characteristics of Residual Heparin Effect in Cardiothoracic Surgical Patients using Sonorheometry Clot Time Ratio

Abstract Objectives To quantify the incidence of Quantra QPlus clot time ratio (CTR) elevation (>1.4) in cardiac surgical patients with suspected postoperative coagulopathy and to investigate the correlation between CTR..

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Anticoagulation Monitoring Strategies During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Patients With Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Abstract Objectives Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune prothrombotic disorder that complicates anticoagulation during cardiovascular surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This systematic review aimed to characterize the anticoagulation monitoring strategies..

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Heparin Activity Following Titration-Guided Protamine Reversal After Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Impact on Postoperative Bleeding

Abstract Objectives To evaluate postoperative residual and reappearing heparin activity after low-dose, titration-guided protamine reversal following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Design Prospective, controlled clinical..

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Considerations to practice a safe and minimal administration of heparin and protamine during cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract A critical aspect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is achieving full anticoagulation to prevent thrombosis and consumptive coagulation (CCA). Systemic anticoagulation with heparin during CPB should be completely neutralized by..

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Management of anticoagulation in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia requiring cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: guidance from the ISTH SSC on…

Abstract Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune-mediated adverse drug reaction characterized by thrombocytopenia and a high risk of thrombosis. Patients with HIT and a need for cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary..

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Standard-dose unfractionated heparin versus low-dose unfractionated heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin in extracorporeal life support (RATE): an open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial

Abstract Background In patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), standard practice is full-dose intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH) targeting an activated partial thromboplastin time of 2·0–2·5 times baseline to reduce thrombotic..

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Anticoagulation Changes and Biochemical Signals Preceding Hospital-Acquired Infections in Pediatric Extracorporeal Support

Abstract Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) is a major complication in pediatric patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Infection detection is challenging, as traditional inflammatory markers..

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