Mitral atresia is a rare congenital heart defect. This rarity has been reported when compared to atresia of other valves.[] Embryologically, this defect has been attributed to a malaligned ventricular..
Read MoreIt refers to the degree that the cardiac apex points to the left or right. Position describes the translational relationship or overall location of the heart in the chest. It indicates the hemithorax that the heart predominantly occupies...
Read MoreMesocardia is that condition in which the longitudinal axis of the heart lies in the mid-sagittal plane and the heart has no apex. Thirteen cases of mesocardia are presented. There..
Read MoreMarfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the body’s connective tissue. Connective tissue holds all the body’s cells, organs and tissue together. It also plays an important role in..
Read MoreThese terms purely describe the anatomic position of the left ventricular apex in the chest and their use does not indicate anything about the structure of the heart or the ...
Read MoreLEOPARD syndrome (LS, OMIM 151100) is a rare multiple congenital anomalies condition, mainly characterized by skin, facial and cardiac anomalies. LEOPARD is an acronym for the major features of this..
Read MorePulmonary artery stenosis is a narrowing (stenosis) that occurs in the pulmonary artery, a large artery that sends oxygen-poor blood into the lungs to be enriched with oxygen. The narrowing..
Read MoreCervical aortic arch anomaly is a rare congenital entity. The aortic arch extends into the soft tissues of the neck before turning downward on itself to become the descending aorta...
Read MoreA rare type of congenital heart disease is an interrupted aortic arch (IAA), which affects approximately 1.5% of congenital heart disease patients. Interrupted aortic arch is an anomaly that can..
Read MoreA rare type of congenital heart disease is an interrupted aortic arch (IAA), which affects approximately 1.5% of congenital heart disease patients. Interrupted aortic arch is an anomaly that can..
Read MoreA rare type of congenital heart disease is an interrupted aortic arch (IAA), which affects approximately 1.5% of congenital heart disease patients. Interrupted aortic arch is an anomaly that can..
Read MoreA rare type of congenital heart disease is an interrupted aortic arch (IAA), which affects approximately 1.5% of congenital heart disease patients. Interrupted aortic arch is an anomaly that can..
Read MoreA rare type of congenital heart disease is an interrupted aortic arch (IAA), which affects approximately 1.5% of congenital heart disease patients. Interrupted aortic arch is an anomaly that can..
Read MoreInterrupted (IAA) is an extremely rare CHD defined as the loss of luminal continuity between the . Its clinical presentation, including , , or severe CHF in the first 2 weeks of life, is..
Read MoreCommon arterial trunk (CAT), or truncus arteriosus, is a rare form of cyanotic congenital heart disease and is highly associated with DiGeorge syndrome (microdeletion 22q11.2). Prenatal diagnosis is highly feasible,..
Read MoreEisenmenger syndrome is the most severe form of pulmonary arterial hypertension and arises on the basis of congenital heart disease with a systemic-to-pulmonary shunt. Due to the chronic slow progressive..
Read MoreDevelopment of Eisenmenger syndrome in a known patient of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is easy by carefully looking for differential cyanosis and clubbing in upper and lower limbs. It is..
Read MoreEisenmenger syndrome (ES) is a constellation of symptoms that arise from a congenital heart defect and result in large anatomic shunts. Due to anatomic variations present at birth, hemodynamic forces..
Read MoreAtrial septal defect (ASD) may be rarely associated with Eisenmenger syndrome (ES), the most advanced form of pulmonary vascular disease to complicate a congenital heart disease. In spite of availability..
Read MoreAn aortopulmonary (AP) window is a rare cause of Eisenmenger syndrome and results from an abnormal septation of the truncus arteriosus [1]. Most such defects present with early onset congestive heart failure during infancy and adult..
Read MoreThe Ebstein's anomaly is a malformation of the tricuspid valve, in which the septal and posterior leaflets are attached to the wall of the right ventricle. The usual association is with an atrial septal defect, followed..
Read MoreA malformed heart valve that does not properly close to keep the blood flow moving in the right direction. Blood may leak back from the lower to upper chambers on..
Read MoreEbstein’s anomaly is a rare congenital heart disorder occurring in ≈1 per 200 000 live births and accounting for <1% of all cases of congenital heart disease. This anomaly was described..
Read MoreMitral valve dysplasia syndrome is a unique form of congenital heart disease with severe aortic stenosis but normal or enlarged left ventricle secondary to primary mitral valve disease. Increased left..
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