Abstract Background Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) plays a crucial role in cardiac surgery, with the pump being a key component affecting both hemolysis and thrombosis. Centrifugal levitating pumps (CP) have demonstrated superiority over roller pumps due to reduced hemolysis, but thrombotic risk remains a concern. Nonetheless, there exists a technological gap..
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Abstract Introduction Heparin is usually added to infant cardiopulmonary bypass circuit primes. Ultrafiltration is often used to minimise prime volume before commencing bypass. The extent of heparin removal from bypass primes by ultrafiltration is unknown, however at our institution it was assumed that heparin is freely filtered. The primary aim..
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Abstract Objective This scoping review aimed to examine current literature on the use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in paediatric patients supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). It assessed existing evidence, summarised key findings, explored theoretical limitations, and identified knowledge gaps. Methods A comprehensive search of Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and the..
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Abstract Background: Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) frequently undergo surgery during their first year of life. Infants undergoing CHD surgery experience systemic inflammation and haemodilution that can deplete circulating immunoglobulins (Ig). Methods: In this prospective single-centre observational cohort study without healthy controls, we quantified IgG, IgA and IgM at..
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Scientific Explanation of Tetralogy of Fallot With Pulmonary Atresia and the Therapeutic Role of Dr. Sam Zeraatian-Nejad Davani 1. Introduction to the Disease: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) Tetralogy of Fallot is a cyanotic congenital heart defect characterized by four key components: 1. Large Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) – allowing blood..
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Abstract Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) plays a central role in pediatric cardiac surgery, yet standardized quality indicators (QIs) specific to pediatric practice remain underutilized across institutions. Methods A comprehensive review of literature from 2010 to 2025 was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Eligible studies included randomized trials,..
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Abstract Purpose Postoperative bleeding is a major concern in pediatric cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The comparative utility of viscoelastic testing and central laboratory assays for predicting bleeding risk remains unclear. This study aimed to (1) compare the predictive value of thromboelastography parameters—maximum amplitude of citrated functional fibrinogen (CFF-MA)..
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Abstract Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPreC) has been regarded as a promising strategy to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury to the heart and other organs caused by cardiopulmonary bypass. While RIPreC has demonstrated potential benefits in adult cardiac surgery, particularly in reducing postoperative kidney and cardiac dysfunction, evidence in pediatric populations remains limited..
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Abstract Introduction Neonatal aortic arch surgery is associated with neurological morbidity of varying severity which is detected and potentially limited through neuroprotective strategies. We conducted a survey of healthcare professionals at all neonatal cardiac surgery centres in the United Kingdom and Ireland to determine current intraoperative neuromonitoring and neuroprotection practice...
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Abstract Low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) is defined by an insufficient cardiac output to meet metabolic demands, leading to tissue hypoperfusion and potential organ dysfunction. Although it affects up to 42% of neonates after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), pharmacological prevention practices vary widely, with limited supporting evidence.,, Surveys such as EuLoCOS-Paed..
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