Increasing obesity is associated with lower postoperative bleeding in coronary bypass patients
Abstract
Objective
Despite inherent comorbidities, obese cardiac surgical patients paradoxically had shown lower morbidity and mortality, although the nature of this association is still unclear. Thus, the authors intended in this large registry-based study to investigate the impact of obesity on short- and long-term postoperative outcomes, focusing on bleeding and transfusion requirements.
Design
Retrospective registry study.
Setting
Three university hospitals.
Participants
A cohort of 12,330 prospectively compiled data from coronary bypass grafting patients undergoing surgery between 2007 to 2020 were retrieved from the Western Denmark Heart Registry.
Interventions
The parameters were analyzed to assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and the selected outcome parameters.
Measurements and Main Results
The crude data showed a clear statistically significant association in postoperative drainage from 637 (418-1108) mL in underweight patients with BMI <18.5 kg/m2 to 427 (295-620) mL in severely obese patients with BMI ≥40 kg/m2 (p < 0.0001, Kruskal-Wallis). Further, 50.0% of patients with BMI <18.5 received an average of 451 mL/m2 in red blood cell transfusions, compared to 16.7% of patients with BMI >40 receiving 84 mL/m2. The obese groups were less often submitted to reexploration due to bleeding, and fewer received perioperative hemostatics, inotropes, and vasoconstrictors. The crude data showed increasing 30-day and 6-month mortality with lower BMI, whereas the one-year mortality showed a V-shaped pattern, but BMI had no independent impact on mortality in logistic regression analysis.
Conclusion
Patients with high BMI may carry protection against postoperative bleeding after cardiac surgery, probably secondary to an inherent hypercoagulable state, whereas underweight patients carry a higher risk of bleeding and worse outcomes.