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Aberrant left pulmonary artery, also known as pulmonary sling, represents an anatomical variant characterized by the left pulmonary artery arising from the right pulmonary artery and passing above the right main bronchus and in between the trachea and..

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Kommerell's diverticulum is most commonly associated with either an aberrant left subclavian artery from a right-sided aortic arch or an aberrant right subclavian artery from a left-sided aortic arch. We..

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Medical genetics. Aberrant subclavian artery, or aberrant subclavian artery syndrome, is a rare anatomical variant of the origin of the right or left subclavian artery. This abnormality is the most common congenital vascular anomaly of the..

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Aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is a rare anomaly, in which the right subclavian artery arises directly from the aortic arch instead of originating from the brachiocephalic artery. This anomaly should be taken into..

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Absent pulmonary valve syndrome (APVS) also known as congenital absence of pulmonary valve or pulmonary valve agenesis is a rare outflow tract anomaly of heart. It is defined as absent..

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Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a congenital (present at birth) heart defect in which the left coronary artery arises abnormally from the pulmonary artery. Normally, the left and right coronary arteries arise from the aorta..

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Anomalous right coronary artery (RCA) from pulmonary artery is a rare congenital coronary anomaly. The prevalence is about 0.002% of general population. Anomaly such as aortopulmonary window, tetralogy of Fallot,..

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Anomalous right coronary artery (RCA) from pulmonary artery is a rare congenital coronary anomaly. The prevalence is about 0.002% of general population. Anomaly such as aortopulmonary window, tetralogy of Fallot,..

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The spectrum of hypoplastic left heart syndrome spans a continuum from borderline hypoplasia to extreme forms with retrograde blood flow from the ductus arteriosus to the cerebral and coronary arteries...

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Prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD) is constantly increasing during the last decades in line with the treatment options for patients ranging from the surgical as well to the interventional..

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Coarctation of aorta (CoA) can be simply defined as cardiac abnormality resulting in obstruction to the blood flow in the aorta. CoA can occur at any region in the thoracic..

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Aortopulmonary window (APW) or aortopulmonary septal defect, first described by Elliotson in third decade of last century,[] is a cardiac abnormality that results from abnormal communication between the proximal aorta..

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Abnormal aortic valve development is one of the most threatening congenital heart diseases. Like a thief in the night, the patient might be struck by endocarditis after a visit to..

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Aortic stenosis refers to a condition that causes obstruction to blood flow between the left ventricle and the aorta. There are a variety of causes, including muscular obstruction below the..

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Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiac abnormality, affecting approximately 1%-2% of the general population. (1,2) Adverse cardiac outcomes related to the valve and/or root (3) put..

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Subvalvular aortic stenosis (SAS), also called subaortic stenosis, is a rare disorder seen in infants. In most cases, it involves the presence of a membrane that is typically muscular just..

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Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiac abnormality, occurring in 0.5%-1.4% of the population; this anomaly is sporadically transmitted genetically by an autosomal-dominant pathway, with a 3:1..

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Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and congenital aortic stenosis are two types of heart defects that may be present at birth. They can occur separately or together. In some cases, bicuspid aortic valve causes another condition called aortic valve..

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Congenital bicuspid aortic valve is a relatively rare malformation. It is reported that the presence of this anomaly predisposes the patient to development of true aortic aneurysms or dissecting aortic..

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Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect with a prevalence of 1–2% and most commonly BAV is found in males with a rate of 1:2 varying..

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The aortic valve allows oxygen-rich blood to flow from the heart to the aorta. It prevents the blood from flowing back from the aorta into the heart when the pumping..

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Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a very rare congenital heart disease (CHD), reported in 1-2.6% of all congenital heart disease (-). The onset can be abrupt with cardiopulmonary..

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Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) develops when the primordial pulmonary vein fails to unite with the plexus of veins surrounding the lung buds. In 1959, Darling and associates[] proposed..

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In this type of TAPVR, the pulmonary veins first come together behind the heart and then drain upwards to an abnormal “vertical vein.” This vertical vein joins the innominate vein which connects to the right superior vena cava and drains to the..

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Anomalous pulmonary venous connection (APVC) is an uncommon congenital anomaly in which pulmonary venous blood flows directly into the right side of the heart or into the systemic veins. The..

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Scimitar syndrome consists of a partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of right lung, right lung hypoplasia, dextraposition of heart, and anomalous systemic arterial supply from aorta or one of its..

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Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, sometimes called partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection, is a heart defect present at birth (congenital) in which some of the pulmonary veins carrying blood from..