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Minimally invasive mitral valve repair (MICS) with neochords combines a precise surgical technique with an advanced perfusion strategy to optimize outcomes. The minimally invasive approach can be performed routinely, delivering..

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Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a cornerstone of modern cardiac surgery, facilitating a bloodless and motionless field for surgeons. Traditionally, hyperoxia—elevated levels of arterial oxygen tension (PaO₂)—has been employed during..

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Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a lifesaving technology in cardiac surgery, but it introduces blood-material interactions that trigger inflammatory and coagulative responses. To address these issues, advancements in biocompatible CPB..

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Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has transformed cardiac surgery, allowing for safe and controlled procedures on the arrested heart. However, a long-standing debate in perfusion science is whether CPB should be..

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Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) introduces significant alterations in blood composition due to the priming solution, fluid shifts, and extracorporeal circulation. Hemodilution and hemoconcentration represent two opposing strategies, each with distinct..

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Introduction Extracorporeal circulation (ECC), used in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), serves as a temporary replacement for the heart and lungs. It maintains tissue perfusion and gas..

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Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been the cornerstone of modern cardiac surgery, allowing for safe cardiac arrest while maintaining systemic perfusion. However, the debate between pulsatile and non-pulsatile flow during..

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Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a vital component of cardiac surgery, allowing surgeons to perform complex procedures on a still, bloodless heart. However, CPB is associated with significant hemodilution, coagulopathy,..

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Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in neonates and infants encompasses a variety of anatomical defects, ranging from isolated aortic valve stenosis or discrete subaortic stenosis to the more complex tunnel..

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Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is essential in cardiac surgery, but high-risk patients—such as pediatric, geriatric, and renal-compromised individuals—require specialized priming strategies to optimize outcomes. A one-size-fits-all approach can lead to..

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Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a critical component of cardiac surgery, allowing the heart to be temporarily stopped while maintaining circulation and oxygenation. Proper hemodynamic management during CPB is essential..

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Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a life-saving technology that temporarily replaces the heart and lungs during cardiac surgery. The choice of priming solution plays a crucial role in maintaining hemodynamic..

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1. Introduction Cardioplegia plays a crucial role in myocardial protection during cardiac surgery by inducing controlled cardiac arrest and minimizing ischemic injury. Over the years, various cardioplegia strategies have evolved,..

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Introduction Isolated Limb Perfusion (ILP) is a targeted chemotherapy technique used primarily for treating locally advanced limb malignancies, such as soft tissue sarcomas and melanoma. By isolating the limb’s vascular..

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Introduction Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) is an advanced oncologic perfusion technique designed to treat peritoneal carcinomatosis, a condition where cancer spreads within the peritoneal cavity (Sugarbaker, 1995). This innovative approach..

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Left Heart Bypass: An Overview Introduction Left Heart Bypass (LHB) is a surgical technique used to temporarily divert blood from the left side of the heart to maintain distal perfusion..

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Introduction The history of cardiac surgery in Pakistan is often credited to various institutions, but a lesser-known and largely undocumented fact is that the first open-heart surgery in Pakistan was..

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Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a cornerstone of modern cardiac surgery, enabling complex procedures by temporarily taking over the heart and lung functions. However, one of the most critical aspects of..

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Introduction The European Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion (EBCP) establishes standardized guidelines to ensure quality and safety in perfusion practices across Europe. These guidelines provide a framework for clinical protocols, training,..

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Serum lactate is a critical biomarker in cardiac surgery, offering insights into tissue oxygenation and metabolic status. Elevated lactate levels during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can indicate inadequate perfusion, hypoxia, or..

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Introduction Blood gas management during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is crucial for optimizing oxygen delivery and cerebral perfusion, especially in temperature-regulated surgeries such as deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). Two primary..

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Perfusionists play a critical role in cardiac surgery and extracorporeal support, ensuring optimal oxygenation and circulation during procedures. However, given the complexity of the field, even experienced professionals can make..

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Cardioplegia is a pharmacological therapy administered during cardiac surgery to intentionally and temporarily arrest the heart. The first solution used during cardiopulmonary bypass was reported by Dr. Melrose in the..

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Technical Aspects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass Process Overview Blood is drained from the vena caval filters directly into a reservoir. Normally a single two-stage cannula is used (drains blood from the..

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An arterial cannula is usually inserted into the ascending aorta. Alternate sites include the femoral, innominate or axillary artery in situations such as emergency, redo surgery, minimally invasive surgery or..