Yearly Archives: 2026

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Novel insights into microcirculatory dysfunction in cardiogenic shock

Abstract While cardiogenic shock (CS) is classically defined by primary cardiac dysfunction leading to impaired macrocirculatory variables—such as hypotension, reduced cardiac output (CO), and diminished left ventricular ejection fraction—growing evidence..

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Hemolysis and Acute Kidney Injury Following Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Patients With Preexisting Renal Dysfunction

Abstract Objectives Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This study investigated whether cell-free hemoglobin (CFHb) levels after CPB are associated with..

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Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation without invasive mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome: an international cohort study Get access Arrow

Abstract Rationale In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) without invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is particularly challenging. Objectives To study ARDS patients treated with ECMO to avoid..

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Compassionate Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Discontinuation: A Narrative Review and Practical Process Model for Reliable End-of-Life Care

Abstract Background and Objectives: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides temporary respiratory or circulatory support when conventional therapies fail. Some patients do not recover and are not candidates for transplant or..

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Technical feasibility of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for gas embolism with ECMO support: a brief report

Abstract Background Gas embolism (GE) occurs when gas enters into the circulation. Whilst small quantities of gas may be harmless, massive, or systemic GE may be life-threatening, when associated with..

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Postcardiotomy veno-arterial membrane oxygenation as a bridge to heart replacement therapies

Abstract Background Data on the outcome of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A-ECMO) support as a bridge to replacement therapies are scarce. Objectives We investigated the outcome of V-A-ECMO support after..

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Rhabdomyolysis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: From Pathogenic Mechanisms to the Therapeutic Use of Sorbents

Abstract Background: Rhabdomyolysis is a pathological process that results from the breakdown of skeletal muscle fibers, leading to the release of intracellular contents such as myoglobin, creatine kinase, potassium, and phosphate..

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Impact of an eCPR Pilot Program on Outcomes After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest for Patients Who Do Not Receive eCPR in…

Abstract Objectives Los Angeles County initiated an extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR) program to transport patients with refractory shockable out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) to dedicated eCPR-capable centers (ECCs). The impact of..

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Four Reasons ECMO Programs Stall

Abstract For many tertiary care hospitals, not offering extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly difficult to justify. Choosing not to offer ECMO means patients who could survive are instead transferred,..

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PRECISION study: impact of personalised cardiac anaesthesia and cerebral autoregulation on neurological outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery – protocol…

Abstract Introduction Adverse neurological complications, including postoperative delirium (POD) and stroke, remain one of the major risks after cardiac surgery. A lack of comprehensive knowledge about their causes and neuroprotective strategies..

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How I manage drainage insufficiency on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Abstract While extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) case volume continues to increase [, ], management of patients receiving ECMO remains technically challenging [, ]. Iatrogenic injury is a potential contributor to complications and..

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Evolving Concepts in Anticoagulation for VV-ECMO, VA-ECMO, and ECPR

  Evolving Concepts in Anticoagulation for VV-ECMO, VA-ECMO, and ECPR Moderator: Peter Schellongowski Speakers and Schedule: Anticoagulation and antiplatelets in VA ECMO Christophe Vandenbriele (London/United Kingdom) Anticoagulation and antiplatelets in..

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Organ donation after ECPR: ethical challenges and clinical implications

Abstract Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) offers a life-saving option for select patients with refractory cardiac arrest, yet a substantial proportion suffer devastating neurological injury and die despite extracorporeal support. In..

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Intraoperative renal and cerebral tissue oxygen saturation measurements to predict postoperative acute kidney injury in pediatric cardiac surgery: a prospective…

Abstract Purpose Pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery are at risk of developing postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). We hypothesized that a reduction in intraoperative renal (SrO2) or cerebral (ScO2) tissue..

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The role of the perfusionist in the extracorporeal life support management: An international survey

Abstract Background Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) services are characterised by variability in resource availability, specific expertise, device management and team organisation, especially regarding the role of perfusionists. This international survey..

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Results of a Preoperative Screening Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol in Neonates Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Abstract Background We implemented a preoperative screening brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol for neonates undergoing cardiac surgery. The intent was to identify unrecognized central nervous system (CNS) injury that..

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Early colonoscopy for detection of colon ischemia after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Abstract Dear Editor, Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) refers to the initiation of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) during cardiac arrest to restore systemic perfusion with oxygenated blood []. Prolonged..

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On the utility of near-infrared spectroscopy-derived measures for assessing cerebrovascular autoregulation: results from an observational cohort study

Abstract Cerebrovascular autoregulation maintains stable cerebral blood flow by counteracting slow changes in cerebral perfusion pressure (termed “slow waves”). Conventional assessment involves invasive techniques using intracranial pressure (ICP) or technically..

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Safety and feasibility of hyperkalemic cardioplegia with diazoxide in cardiac surgery: The Cardioplegia with Diazoxide in Cardiac Surgery Trial

Abstract Background We have demonstrated cardioprotection by the adenosine triphosphate–sensitive potassium (KATP) channel opener diazoxide in multiple animal models in an effort to reduce myocardial stunning following cardiac surgery. These..

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Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, acute kidney injury, fluid balance, and continuous renal replacement therapy: Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) and Extracorporeal…

Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly being utilized for life-threatening cardiac and/or respiratory failure refractory to conventional treatment. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and fluid balance disorders commonly occur both..

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The Potent Complement Stimulus of Sanguineous Versus Crystalloid Cardiopulmonary Bypass Prime during Pediatric Cardiac Surgery

Abstract Background: Sanguineous preparation of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit with allogeneic blood products is known to contain substantial complement mediator burden. This study aims to assess the longitudinal immunologic impacts..

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Prehospital initiation of extracorporeal life support for refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest–results of a prospective observational study

Abstract Background Despite advances in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains low. Use of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) as extracorporeal CPR (ECPR) may improve..

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Intra-aortic balloon pump support in patients undergoing durable left ventricular assist device implantation: contemporary evidence and practical considerations

Abstract The role of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) use in optimizing patients for durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is being reevaluated in the era of modern centrifugal, magnetically..

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Abnormal bleeding in the cardiac operating room: An observational study of interrater reliability between anesthetists and surgeons

Abstract Objectives Postcardiopulmonary bypass bleeding is frequent and distinctive because of its associated coagulopathy. Despite diagnostic and therapeutic progress, substantial variability persists in hemostatic transfusion practices. Because transfusion of hemostatic..

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Ethical Challenges of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Cardiac Society Consensus on Key Issues and Practical Recommendations

Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides lifesaving support for patients with cardiopulmonary failure but poses complex ethical challenges that may generate moral distress for clinicians, patients, and families. We convened..

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Sivelestat and Incidence of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome After Cardiovascular Surgery

Abstract Importance  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents a frequent and serious complication after cardiovascular surgery. Although sivelestat, a specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor, has demonstrated therapeutic potential in preliminary studies, the..

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Use of Artificial Intelligence to Predict Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Systematic Review

Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is widely used in patients with severe cardiac or respiratory failure. ECMO is resource and cost intensive and carries the potential for significant complications; therefore,..

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Managing Serum Lactate During Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Serum lactate is a critical biomarker in cardiac surgery, offering insights into tissue oxygenation and metabolic status. Elevated lactate levels during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can indicate inadequate perfusion, hypoxia, or..

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The Facilitated hospital-based ECPR via Helicopter Transport (FLIGHT-to-ECPR) Study

Abstract Introduction Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains poor, particularly for refractory ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia (VF/VT). Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) improves outcomes when delivered within 60 minutes of low-flow..

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