Medical 3-dimensional (3D) printing refers to the creation of physical anatomical structures derived from volumetric datasets from various imaging modalities. Applications of this technology include advanced visualization and diagnosis, planning and simulation for surgery and interventions, research, education, and patient-physician communication. Documented benefits of medical 3D printing include reduction in intraoperative time as well as postoperative complications, from decreased blood loss and anesthesia time and fewer revision procedures. Other benefits specifically related to cardiothoracic surgical procedures include reduced cardiopulmonary bypass time, decreased fluoroscopy and contrast exposure, enhanced surgical precision, avoidance of unnecessary surgery, and enhanced training opportunities for surgeons.¹ These 10 Commandments summarize the steps and considerations to heed when creating 3D-printed models for surgical simulation and are focused on cardiac and thoracic surgical procedures.