Organ preservation plays a critical role in addressing transplantation challenges, including donor shortages and ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Continuous advancements in preservation technologies are essential to meet the increasing demand for transplantable organs. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of organ preservation techniques, spanning from hypothermic storage to advanced methods such as supercooling, vitrification, and partial freezing. Historical milestones, including the development of the EuroCollins, University of Wisconsin (UW), ET-Kyoto, and Celsior solutions, are discussed alongside innovations in machine perfusion and cryopreservation technologies. Particular emphasis is placed on the underlying mechanisms of these techniques, such as metabolic rate suppression, prevention of ice crystal formation, and the application of cryoprotectants, all aimed at extending preservation duration and improving organ quality. Emerging trends, such as the integration of nanotechnology and artificial organ cultivation, are highlighted as promising directions to enhance preservation efficiency. By exploring current advancements and future trends, this review underscores the importance of technological innovation in addressing the global organ shortage crisis and improving transplantation outcomes.