The excellent work by Rezoagli [1] on behalf of the CENTER-TBI and OxENTER-TBI consortia contributes further evidence of the potentially harmful effects of hyperoxia after traumatic brain injury (TBI). As the authors of the corresponding editorial [2] point out the need to avoid high PaO2 except for the treatment of hypoxia seems to be a never-ending story not just after TBI but for critical illness in general.