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Towards an understanding of best practice: The good, the bad and the future of cardiogenic shock teams

Abstract Cardiogenic shock (CS) remains a high-mortality condition that demands rapid diagnosis, coordinated multidisciplinary management, and timely initiation of mechanical circulatory support. As more institutions implement dedicated CS teams, substantial..

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Investigating biomarkers associated with mortality in patients receiving VA-ECMO for cardiogenic shock: a systematic review

Abstract Context: Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is a life-sustaining therapy for severe refractory cardiogenic shock. Although VA-ECMO provides various degrees of cardiopulmonary support, mortality rates remain high. Serum biomarkers have..

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A Contemporary Guide of Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Cardiogenic Shock

Abstract Managing refractory cardiogenic shock is individualized, with few aspects considered routine or universally contraindicated. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is a temporary mechanical circulatory support strategy, providing hemodynamic stabilization..

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Modified cardiac power output as a marker for left ventricular recovery during V-A ECMO

Abstract Dear Editor, The timely liberation of cardiogenic shock (CS) patients from veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) is crucial to reduce device  complications, although the predictor of weaning is..

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Levosimendan to Facilitate Weaning From ECMO in Patients With Severe Cardiogenic Shock

Abstract Importance  Levosimendan may facilitate weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) and improve survival, but supporting evidence remains limited. Objective  To assess whether early administration of levosimendan reduces the time to..

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Aortic Pulsatility Index Predicts Native Recovery in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock Supported by Intra-aortic Balloon Pumps

Abstract Background For decades, the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) has been a reliable and readily available pillar of therapy for cardiogenic shock (CS). However, no clinical markers have been validated..

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Cardiac index, SvO2 or pCO2 gap may determine benefit from ECMO in cardiogenic shock: post-hoc analysis of the multicenter, randomized…

Abstract Background Immediate initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has not demonstrated benefit in individuals diagnosed with cardiogenic shock based on the presence of hypotension. The relationship between other hemodynamic..

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Construction of a nomogram model for individualized prediction of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation weaning outcomes in cardiogenic shock

Abstract Objective To construct a nomogram prediction model for death in patients with cardiogenic shock after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) weaning. Methods Totally 210 patients with cardiogenic shock treated with..

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Predictivity of Each Readiness-to-Explant Criterion for Successful Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Explantation

Abstract Background: The use of temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) has revolutionized the management of cardiogenic shock (CS). However, standardized readiness-to-explant criteria for venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) have not been..

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Cardiovascular Physiology During Mechanical Circulatory Support: Implications for Management and Monitoring

Abstract Background/Objectives: Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is increasingly utilized for the management of acute decompensated heart failure (HF) and cardiogenic shock (CS). The primary goals of MCS are to restore systemic..

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Complications of microaxial flow pump and VA-ECMO in infarct-related cardiogenic shock: Insights from the Netherlands heart registration

Abstract Background Active mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is associated with high complication rates. Reducing device-related complications may improve outcomes in patients with infarct-related cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS). This study aims to..

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European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025

Abstract The 2025 European Resuscitation Council (ERC) Guidelines present the most up-to-date evidence-based guidelines for the practice of resuscitation across Europe. The ERC Guidelines 2025 are based on evidence produced..

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A Canadian Experience With a Percutaneous Microaxial Ventricular Assist Device in Children With Cardiogenic Shock

Abstract Background The experience of a percutaneous microaxial (Impella)  in children with  is limited. The primary objective of this study was to review our institutional clinical outcomes of Impella use in children..

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Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support in Cardiogenic Shock: Executive Summary of the Joint Consensus Reports of the PeriOperative Quality Initiative and…

Abstract Background The identification, triage, and management of cardiogenic shock (CS) are complex and resource intensive, particularly given the recent surge in the use of temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS)..

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Hyperoxia and End-Organ Complications Among Cardiogenic Shock Patients Supported by Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Abstract Abstract Objectives:  To investigate whether severe hyperoxia predisposes to end-organ complications and whether these complications contribute to in-hospital mortality among cardiogenic shock (CS) patients supported in veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane..

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Cardiogenic shock: diagnosis, phenotyping and management

Abstract Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a state of critical end-organ hypoperfusion caused by primary cardiac failure, in which the heart cannot generate sufficient output despite adequate preload and is associated..

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Use of Temporary Ventricular Assist Devices for Left Ventricular Unloading During Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) provides temporary mechanical circulatory support for patients in refractory cardiogenic shock. Initiation of VA ECMO often results in increased left ventricular (LV) afterload as..

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Clinical Outcomes of Cardiogenic Shock Patients Supported with VA-ECMO: Insights from the Cardiogenic Shock Working Group

Abstract Background Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) use for cardiogenic shock (CS) is increasing worldwide despite conflicting results from randomized trials, which focused on myocardial-infarction related CS (MI-CS). Methods We..

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Optimal ECLS Support in Mixed Cardiogenic and Septic Shock: An ELSO Registry Analysis

Abstract Background Mixed cardiogenic and septic shock has been shown to have a higher mortality than cardiogenic shock alone and presents a unique hemodynamic phenotype. Objectives This study aimed to..

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Patients Post Cardiac Surgery Requiring Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Outcomes From an Intensivist-Led Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Program

Abstract Post cardiac surgery shock (PCS) is a life-threatening condition that may require the use of mechanical circulatory support. Venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly used to treat..

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Outcomes of Patients Requiring VA-ECMO for Cardiogenic Shock and Evaluation of Programmatic Changes

Abstract Objectives To describe outcomes in patients who received venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) for cardiogenic shock and to evaluate outcomes following programmatic changes. Design A retrospective cohort study. Setting..

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Minimally invasive, transapical dual-lumened cannula for short-term left ventricular support in a clinically relevant large animal model†

Abstract OBJECTIVES Cardiogenic shock is still a major clinical challenge, despite the available devices. We developed a minimally invasive, transapical dual-lumened cannula, which can provide antegrade circulatory support and unloading..

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Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Cardiotoxic Drug-Induced Cardiogenic Shock: A Systematic Narrative Review

Abstract Background: Severe poisoning can lead to catastrophic cardiovascular collapse, often progressing to multiorgan failure and death. While intensive supportive care and pharmacological intervention remain the cornerstone of management, cases of..

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Redefining weaning in a VA ECMO: a case report on pump-controlled retrograde trial off

Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is widely recognized as a life-saving measure. The use of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) is on the rise, serving as an effective mechanical..

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The effects of extracorporeal blood purification (oXiris®) in patients with cardiogenic shock who require VA-ECMO (CLEAN ECMO): a prospective, open-label,…

Abstract Background A systemic inflammatory response can contribute to poor outcomes in an advanced stage of cardiogenic shock (CS). We investigated the efficacy of extracorporeal endotoxin and cytokine adsorption using..

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The effects of extracorporeal bloodpurification (oXiris®) in patientswith cardiogenic shock who require VA-ECMO.

Abstract Background A systemic inflammatory response can contribute to poor outcomes in an advanced stage of cardiogenic shock (CS). We investigated the efficacy of extracorporeal endotoxin and cytokine adsorption using..

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Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): A narrative review for the emergency clinician

Abstract Introduction Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an established therapy that supports a patient in respiratory or cardiopulmonary failure to recovery, transplant, or durable mechanical support. Prompt referral by the..

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Cardiac index, SvO2 or pCO2 gap may determine benefit from ECMO in cardiogenic shock: post-hoc analysis of the multicenter,randomized ECMO-CS…

Abstract Background Immediate initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has not demonstrated benefit in individuals diagnosed with cardiogenic shock based on the presence of hypotension. The relationship between other hemodynamic..

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Effect of Microaxial Flow Pump on Hemodynamics in STEMI-Related Cardiogenic Shock

Abstract Background The microaxial flow pump (mAFP) improves survival in selected patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction–induced cardiogenic shock (STEMI-CS). Understanding the impact on cardiac output (CO), cardiac power output..

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Echocardiographic and Hemodynamic Effects of Intraaortic Balloon Pump in Patients with Cardiogenic Shock on Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Abstract We investigated echocardiographic and hemodynamic effects of intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) in 26 patients with cardiogenic shock on veno-arterial membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO). Our study demonstrated an 8.1% increase..

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