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Suspected Malignant Hyperthermia in a Patient Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: Perioperative Challenges and Management

Abstract Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare but potentially fatal disorder characterized by a hypermetabolic state produced by exposure to triggering agents such as volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine., MH crises have..

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Alterations in retinal microcirculation following cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study using optical coherence tomography angiography

Abstract Background Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with microcirculatory changes. Little is known about the effect of CPB on the structural and vascular parameters of the retina...

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Argatroban in Patients with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation—A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Abstract INTRODUCTION Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is the most commonly used anticoagulant during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (1). However, UFH also has several limitations: (i) it requires individualized dosing and close..

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Clinician Variability in a Case about ECMO Candidacy: A Qualitative Analysis

Abstract Introduction Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) is a life-sustaining technology that supports patients with severe acute respiratory failure. Indications and contraindications to VV ECMO are evolving and professional..

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Cardioplegia modalities and systemic redox status in younger vs. older patients undergoing cardiac surgery

Abstract Background Patients undergoing cardiac surgery frequently suffer impaired myocardial redox protection during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), with elderly patients facing higher complication risks. We investigated the redox-protective effects of blood..

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Intraoperative Iatrogenic Aortic Dissection in Cardiovascular Surgery: Case Series and Literature Review

Abstract Background: Intraoperative iatrogenic aortic dissection (IAD) is an uncommon but serious complication of cardiac surgery, and available evidence remains limited, with most reports based on small series. This study..

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Renal regional oxygenation during pediatric cardiac surgery predicts acute kidney injury: a prospective cohort study with model comparisons

Abstract Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after pediatric cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This study evaluated renal regional oxygen saturation (R-rSO₂), measured via near-infrared spectroscopy..

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Vasodilators for Pharmacologic Afterload Reduction in On-pump Cardiac Surgery

Abstract More than 1 million patients worldwide undergo cardiac surgery each year, amounting to approximately 123 per 100,000 population. Cardiopulmonary bypass has been central to this success, facilitating the possibility of..

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Influence of Pre-emptive Haptoglobin on Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgical Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract BACKGROUND:  Haptoglobin may reduce hemolysis-induced kidney injury in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Haptoglobin may be given empirically when hemolytic urine is observed, or pre-emptively when..

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Alternative Base Solutions for del Nido Cardioplegia: Composition, Rationale, and Clinical Evidence

Abstract Objectives Del Nido cardioplegia has gained increasing popularity, evolving from its original use in paediatric and congenital heart surgery to widespread adoption in adult cardiac procedures. This review aims..

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Mechanical tissue changes caused by liquid jet blasting of the aortic cannula

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanical influence on the aortic tissue when exposed to the liquid jet blasting effect produced by the aortic cannula during..

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Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on in vitro proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cells and plasma growth factor levels

Abstract Background Advances in medicine lead to an increase in the number of patients with concurrent heart disease and cancer. We investigated the effect of cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass..

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Continuous or intermittant retrograde cardioplegia during coronary bypass: A propensity score adjusted comparison

Abstract Introduction Continuous retrograde cardioplegia worsens surgeon’s vision while performing distal anastomosis in coronary artery bypass grafting operations. We investigated whether intermittent retrograde cardioplegia, which provides a bloodless surgical field..

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A Plan-Do-Study-Act Cycle to Enhance Operational Efficiency in a Newly Established Paediatric Cardiac Operating Room

Abstract Objectives This quality improvement project aimed to enhance operating room efficiency in a newly established paediatric cardiac operating room by focusing on key performance indicators (KPI), including (1) first..

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Perioperative Transfusion Requirements in Pediatric Patients Receiving Apixaban Prior to Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Abstract Design Apixaban is a direct oral anticoagulant that inhibits factor Xa. Our objective was to examine the effect of apixaban on perioperative transfusion requirements in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac..

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Hemodynamic monitoring strategies in cardiac surgery: an update systematic review

Abstract Hemodynamic monitoring is a cornerstone of perioperative care in cardiac surgery, where patients are at high risk of cardiovascular instability and organ hypoperfusion. In recent years, goal-directed therapy (GDT)..

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Is Cooler Safer and More Advantageous? A Feasibility Study in Rabbits

Abstract Objectives This study hypothesizes that induced hypothermia (IH) can safely extend aortic cross-clamp (ACC) time, significantly reducing metabolic burden and end-organ injury, thereby enabling more comprehensive aortic arch reconstructions..

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Increased Incidence of Thrombosis in Patients at Risk of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Receiving Epoprostenol for Cardiac Surgery

Abstract Objective Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a serious concern in cardiac surgery, as heparin use in the at-risk patient can lead to devastating thrombosis. Management strategies for patients with confirmed..

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Safety and Efficacy of Stored Wet-Preprimed Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuits: A Scoping Review

Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be a life-saving intervention for patients with respiratory or cardiac failure or cardiac arrest. Storing wet-preprimed ECMO circuits can reduce the time to initiate..

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The history of cardiopulmonary bypass and the evolution of pneuma in cardiopulmonary medicine

Abstract Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is one of the most groundbreaking medical innovations in history, enabling safe and effective heart surgery by temporarily replacing the function of the heart and lungs...

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Polymeric micro and nanoparticle release from cardiopulmonary bypass and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits

Abstract Objectives Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or life support (ECLS) circuits are built from polymers and might release polymeric micro- and nanoparticles (MNP) into the circulation...

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Tissue perfusion pressure: A novel hemodynamic measure to assess risk of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery

Abstract Background Optimal hemodynamic targets for preventing acute kidney injury (AKI) have remained elusive. We hypothesized that lower tissue perfusion pressure (TPP), a novel perfusion index representing the difference between..

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Detection of Thrombi in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuits Using Low-Frequency Acoustic Measurements

Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides temporary support for patients with severe acute cardiac or respiratory failure. Although thrombotic complications are common during ECMO, the real-time detection and management of..

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The case against infusing ABO incompatible antibody and antigen from all blood components

Abstract The transfusion of ABO compatible but not ABO identical red blood cells and plasma and the transfusion of platelets and cryoprecipitate without concern for ABO in any manner, are..

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Labeled surgical caps improve perioperative patient safety and interprofessional communication in the operating room: a scoping review

Abstract Background Effective communication is critical for patient safety and surgical outcomes inside the operating room (OR). Labeled surgical caps have been proposed as a strategy to improve intraoperative communication..

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Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation escape room simulation teamwork dynamics and effectiveness

Abstract Introduction Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a high-risk, low-frequency intervention requiring specialized training and effective teamwork, for which simulation-based training is a valuable tool. Across medical disciplines escape room-style..

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Acute pulmonary hypertension induced by heparin–protamine complex during thoracoabdominal aortic grafting

Abstract Background Protamine has a more difficult side-effect profile. Circulatory collapse has been reported as a result of acute pulmonary artery spasm caused by complement cascade activation by large heparin–protamine..

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Can a low prime volume arterial filter be used as an alternative for a venous bubble trap in minimal extracorporeal…

Abstract Background During cardiac surgery the use of a minimal extracorporeal circulation (MiECC) system may reduce the adverse effects for the patient. This is probably caused by reduced inflammation and..

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Glycocalyx Degradation in Pediatric Patients with Cyanotic and Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease Undergoing Cardiac Repair Surgery

Abstract Background/Objectives: In the present study, we hypothesized that cardiac surgery in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) leads to profound endothelial glycocalyx degradation, measured as the increase in..

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Carbon Dioxide Elimination With Flow-Controlled Ventilation in Lung Transplantation: A Case Report

Abstract Background Lung transplantation represents the most definitive treatment option for patients with advanced-stage lung diseases. In recent years, improvements in anesthetic techniques, medical technologies, and coordinated perioperative care have..

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