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A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a communication between the interventricular chambers. Muscular ventricular septal defects have exclusively muscular borders and are more likely to be multiple. Their location and..

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A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is an opening in the interventricular septum, causing a shunt between ventricles. Large defects result in a significant left-to-right shunt and cause dyspnea with feeding..

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Perimembranous ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are located in the left ventricle outflow tract beneath the aortic valve. They are the most common  subtype in the United States, occurring in 75-80% of..

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Perimembranous ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are located in the left ventricle outflow tract beneath the aortic valve. They are the most common VSD subtype in the United States, occurring in 75-80% of cases. Defects may extend into..

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Doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a unique type of VSD, located beneath the aortic and pulmonary valves, accounting for about 5–7% of all VSD autopsy findings. It is also called supracristal or infundibular VSD..

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Background: The morphology of ventricular septal defects (VSDs) that are doubly committed and juxtaarterial places the patient at risk for aortic valvar prolapse and aortic valvar insufficiency (AI). Surgical repair of..

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Atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD) are a relatively common family of congenital heart defects. Also known as atrioventricular canal defects or endocardial cushion defects, they account for about 5 percent of..

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Female infant; born on term with 2.6 kg, normal delivery. Mother; fourth pregnancy, denied the use of medication during pregnancy. Presented respiratory discomfort at birth, evolving with neonatal infection and..

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Background: Management of right-dominant atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) remains a challenge given the spectrum of ventricular hypoplasia. The purpose of this study was to assess whether reported echocardiographic indices and additional..

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Unbalance in atrioventricular septal defect can be found in more than one anatomic level and in different degrees at each level. The definition of “unbalance” has historically been focused in..

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Repair for tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with complete atrioventricular septal defect (CAVSD) has been reported with good early and intermediate outcomes. Morbidity, however, remains significantly high. To date, repair of..

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Atrioventricular (AV) septal defect consists of an ostium primum type atrial septal defect and a common AV valve, with or without an associated inlet (AV septal type) ventricular septal defect..

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  syndrome is a unique form of left-sided heart disease characterized by aortic outflow , dilated , dysplastic/incompetent mitral valve, and a restrictive/intact . Patients with this constellation of abnormalities have been managed in..

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Congenital  (MS) results from a variety of anatomic anomalies in the pediatric population, and it is commonly associated with parachute  (PMV),,  an abnormality in which the mitral valve (MV) chordae insert into a..

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In levocardia, the heart is predominantly in the left hemithorax with a leftward apex. In , the heart is predominantly in the right hemithorax. Primary dextrocardia is defined as a condition in..

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Inferior sinus venosus defects (SVDs) are rare imperfections located in the inferior portion of the atrial septum, leading to an overriding inferior vena cava (IVC) and an interatrial connection. These..

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Partial anomalous venous connection (PAPVC) is a rare congenital heart disease where the blood flow from one or more pulmonary veins (but not all) returns to the right atrium or systemic venous circulation and is..

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Surgical repair of sinus venosus defect (SVD) with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) to the superior vena cava (SVC) or the right atrium (RA) should avoid long term complications..

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Sinus venosus defects (SVDs), originally described in 1858, represent about 2%–10% of all atrial septal defects. The remainder is composed of ostium secundum (70%), ostium primum (20%) and unroofed coronary sinus (<1%)..

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The unroofed coronary sinus is a spectrum of cardiac anomalies in which part or all of the common wall between the coronary sinus and the left atrium is absent. Most..

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What is it? A "hole" in the wall that separates the top two chambers of the heart. This defect allows oxygen-rich blood to leak into the oxygen-poor blood chambers in..

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Tetralogy of Fallot total repair could be performed minimally invasively through the axillary 4cm thoracotomy in the 4th ICS. Standard repair technique is used. No TV leaflet detachment is required...

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Educational surgical video. Very complex procedure for very complex disease with very good outcome.    

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Educational video. Axillary approach has many advantages in congenital heart surgery - cosmetical, physical, psychological benefits for children.    

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Abstract Background Diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) requires pre-test probability assessment and dedicated laboratory assays. Objective To develop a pre-test score for HIT. Design Observational; analysis of prospectively collected data..

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Abstract Background In the Île-de-France region (henceforth termed Greater Paris), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was considered early in the COVID-19 pandemic. We report..

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Abstract Even after the introduction of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), survival after cardiac arrest remains poor. Excess release of vasoactive cytokines may be a reason for cardiovascular instability and death..

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Abstract Hypercoagulability in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may aggravate disease severity during hospitalization but the reported survival benefits from anticoagulation (AC) vary among studies. We performed a literature research to..

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Abstract Purpose Intranasal insulin administration may improve cognitive function in patients with dementia and may prevent cognitive problems after surgery. Although the metabolic effects of intranasal insulin in non-surgical patients have been studied, its influence on glucose..