Abstract Background Retrograde autologous priming and venous antegrade priming replace the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit crystalloid with patient blood to mitigate hemodilution. However, their effectiveness in pediatric patients, particularly when analyzed..
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Abstract Background The adverse effects of cardiopulmonary bypass during open cardiac surgery, including hemodilution, seem to be inevitable, especially for patients who generally have a relatively lower BMI with relatively..
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