Ensuring radiation safety in healthcare settings is crucial to minimising risks associated with ionising radiation exposure. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and behaviours of operating room personnel regarding protection from ionising radiation.

This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted with 100 surgical team members in two hospitals in Türkiye. Data were collected using the Demographic Information Form and Healthcare Professional Knowledge of Radiation Protection Scale.

The participants’ overall knowledge level regarding radiation protection was an average score of 5.09 ± 2.35. A statistically significant difference was observed between the surgical team member role and the subscale of radiation physics, biology, and principles of radiation use (p = 0.008), as well as the total scale score (p = 0.025). The participants who had received training had significantly better knowledge and behaviours related to radiation protection (p < 0.05).

The surgical team members demonstrated an adequate level of awareness regarding radiation protection, but there were deficiencies in translating their knowledge into practice. Providing periodic training supported by interactive learning methods can reinforce the radiation safety practices of healthcare professionals.