Microstructural imaging enables researchers to visualise changes in the arterial wall, allowing for (i) a deeper understanding of the role of specific components in arterial mechanics, (ii) the observation of cellular responses, (iii) insights into pathological alterations in tissue microstructure, and/or (iv) advancements in tissue engineering aimed at replicating healthy native tissue. In this prospective review, we present various imaging modalities spanning from ex vivo to in vivo applications within arterial tissue. The pros, cons, and sensitivities of these modalities are highlighted. By consolidating the latest advancements in microstructural imaging of arterial tissue, the authors aim for this paper to serve as a guide for researchers designing experiments at various stages. Furthermore, the integration of non-invasive, non-destructive imaging techniques into studies provides an additional layer of microstructural information, enhancing scientific findings, improving our understanding of disease, and potentially enabling earlier or more effective diagnostic capabilities.