Psychological safety is a crucial component in highly functioning healthcare teams, enabling every member to speak up, take innovative risks and admit mistakes without fear of personal attack or repercussions. Leaders play a significant role in fostering this positive environment that boosts effective communication, enhances teamwork and decision-making and promotes incident reporting. Developing these non-technical skills, along with updated medical knowledge and procedural skills, is a key factor in providing better and safer patient care.

Creating and sustaining psychological safety in the workplace requires a cultural and mindset shift that impacts how team members interact with each other. The anaesthesia teams from seven VinMec Healthcare System (VMHS) hospitals across Vietnam faced several critical challenges, including cultural embeddedness, geographical dispersion and a hierarchical structure where deference prevailed.

Nonetheless, VMHS leadership established a goal to transform the Anaesthesia and Pain Management Department into one of the safest in Southeast Asia. A multifaceted team comprised of top management, training experts and simulation specialists was essential in driving the initiative forward.

The intervention highlights the importance of leadership engagement, structured curriculum design and feedback loops to ensure continuous improvement in staff competency and collaboration. Over 18 months, 112 anaesthesia doctors and nurses completed a series of online learning modules and on-site simulation training sessions. Preliminary outcomes indicate significant progress in non-technical skills such as communication, teamwork and cognitive aid utilisation among participants. There has also been a noticeable reduction in patient safety incident scores across hospitals.

This article presents a replicable model for addressing the cultural, practical and logistical challenges of integrating psychological safety into a large healthcare system by introducing an innovative, mixed-method training programme. It provides insights for healthcare leaders seeking to achieve sustainable improvements in patient safety and quality of care.