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A consensus of international experts on definition, sampling, treatment, and prevention of peripheral extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannula-site infection obtained by…

Abstract Background: Nosocomial infections are common in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), with ECMO cannula‑site infections (ECMO‑CSI) being the most frequent infections directly related to the ECMO run. These..

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Cell salvage in bacterially contaminated surgical fields – A scoping review

Abstract Objective This scoping review systematically examines the use of intraoperative cell salvage in bacterially contaminated surgical settings, examining contamination levels, decontamination strategies, and clinical outcomes following the reinfusion of..

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The importance of early veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the management of amniotic fluid embolism complicated by cardiac arrest: a…

Abstract Background Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) with cardiac arrest is an obstetric emergency with an exceedingly high maternal mortality. Early application of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) may provide essential..

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Mechanisms of immune modulation by therapeutic plasma exchange

Abstract Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a cornerstone extracorporeal therapy with broad immunomodulatory effects across diverse immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases. By removing circulating pathogenic substances such as autoantibodies, immune complexes,..

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Infusion strategy of del Nido cardioplegia for long aortic cross-clamp time in adult cardiac surgery

Abstract Background The del Nido cardioplegia (DNC) solution has been widely used for myocardial protection in adult cardiac surgery, however, its use remains unclear in cases with long aortic cross-clamp..

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Racial differences in cardiac arrest survival: insights from Minnesota metro data and the University of Minnesota extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation cohort

Abstract Aims The study explores the association between race, survival and neurological outcomes among out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients listed in Minnesota metro and the University of Minnesota Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary..

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A Contemporary Guide of Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Cardiogenic Shock

Abstract Managing refractory cardiogenic shock is individualized, with few aspects considered routine or universally contraindicated. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is a temporary mechanical circulatory support strategy, providing hemodynamic stabilization..

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From Coronary Contrast to Renal Injury: The Emerging Role of Endothelial Dysfunction

Abstract Introduction Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) is a common and serious complication of coronary angiography, caused by iodinated contrast agents. It significantly worsens cardiovascular prognosis and increases in-hospital morbidity..

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Sex-related outcomes during short-term mechanical circulatory support: A systematic review and meta-analysis of propensity-score matched studies

Abstract Background The association between sex and cardiovascular risk and different responses to heart failure therapies is well established. However, sex related outcomes of different types of short-term mechanical circulatory..

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Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation vs. conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an in-depth look into short- and long-term neurological outcomes

Abstract Background Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR) is a new approach for cardiac arrest management and is regarded as a possible alternative for conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cCPR). Aim Our systematic review..

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Intraoperative Hemoadsorption and Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract Cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with several potential complications, including the activation of inflammatory and coagulation pathways, which may lead to acute kidney injury (AKI). In..

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Understanding the Pressure-Volume Loop in Valvular Heart Disease

Abstract Pressure-volume (PV) loop analysis remains the gold standard for studying cardiac physiology by offering a comprehensive analysis and quantitative assessment of the heart. The PV loop analysis uncovers the..

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Incidence of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Secondary to Respiratory or Cardiac Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life support technique used in patients with respiratory or cardiac failure. Despite the increased use of ECMO, the incidence and risk factors..

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Del Nido cardioplegia in adult cardiac surgery: A narrative review

Abstract Myocardial protection during cardiac surgery is crucial for preventing ischemia-reperfusion injury and preserving myocardial function. Cardioplegia, a solution used to induce electromechanical cardiac arrest, is the fundamental method for..

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Outcomes of Modified Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Using A Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circuit in Postcardiotomy Children With Congenital Heart Disease—A Ten-Year Experience…

Abstract Objectives: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) plays a crucial role in the outcome of children following surgery for congenital heart disease. However, its availability and affordability are minimal across the globe...

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Opportunities for improving platelet transfusion practice: A large retrospective audit across 22 hospitals

Abstract Despite evidence-based guidelines to inform platelet transfusion practice, unnecessary platelet transfusion persists. We performed a multicentre retrospective analysis of adults admitted to general medicine, subspecialty medicine and critical care..

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Early Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury After Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis

Abstract Background:  Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of congenital heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in pediatric patients, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. Aim:  To determine..

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Heparin: Over 100 Years of Anticoagulation

Abstract This chapter provides an overview of heparin, including discovery, structure, mechanism of action, and principal use for anticoagulation. For over 100 years, heparin has a central role in prophylaxis..

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Detecting Heparin Contamination in Prolonged APTT with a Heparin-Resistant Solution

Abstract The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assay is essential for evaluating coagulation. However, prolonged APTT may result from pathological conditions or contamination with unfractionated heparin (UFH), which can occur..

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Staged mechanical circulatory support in paediatric HIT: Bivalirudin anticoagulation across ECMO, VAD, and cardiac transplantation

Abstract Introduction Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) with in paediatric population is rare and subsequent anticoagulation management is challenging. Bivalirudin is a viable alternative to heparin for anticoagulating paediatric patients with..

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Anaemia and blood transfusion in cardiac surgery with infective endocarditis

Abstract Background Up to half of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) require cardiac surgery. Although anaemia is common, its precise prevalence, transfusion practices and impact on outcomes in surgically treated IE..

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Extracorporeal Blood Purification with CytoSorb in Patients with Shock: A Secondary Analysis of Standalone Circuit Configuration Versus Integrated Use within…

Abstract Objectives CytoSorb, an extracorporeal blood purification device composed of biocompatible, highly porous polymer beads, is being increasingly adopted in different critically ill settings to allow for both enhanced organ..

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Increasing Anticoagulation Intensity in the Oxygenator During Flow Reduction Trials in Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Abstract Anticoagulation is mandatory during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) flow reduction trials with very low blood flow. Anticoagulation in the ECMO circuit might be intensified with less effect..

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Hemodynamic monitoring: basic principles in operation room and intensive care unit

Abstract To synthesize physiological principles and practical monitoring strategies for perioperative and intensive care hemodynamics, addressing two questions: which variables should be monitored, and what targets should be pursued to..

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Moral distress of intensive care unit nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background This study aims to assess the level of ethical distress experienced by intensive care unit (ICU) nurses in their work, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the development..

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Perioperative Profiles of Immune Cells in Patients with Postoperative Delirium After Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Abstract Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is known to involve systemic inflammatory responses, but the characteristics of the immune cell types involved in these responses are unclear.  Methods: In this prospective study, we..

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Postoperative Thrombocytopenia in Cardiac Surgery: Patterns, Differential Diagnosis and Management of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)

Abstract Background: Postoperative thrombocytopenia is a frequent finding after cardiac surgery, affecting approximately 10–40% of patients. The early decline in platelet count, typically observed within the first 48–72 h, is..

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Effects of therapeutic hypothermia on brain function in a refractory cardiac arrest model treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Abstract Background Cardiac arrest (CA) remains a leading cause of mortality and long-term neurological disability. In cases of refractory CA, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) may be implemented as a salvage..

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Predicting In-Hospital Acute Kidney Injury after Cardiac Surgery Using Machine Learning

Abstract Objective We aimed to develop and evaluate cardiac surgery–associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) machine learning prediction models that included clinical variables, biomarkers, and high-frequency hemodynamic measurements. Design A prospective,..

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Total Tau protein as a novel biomarker for detection of neural injury following cardiopulmonary bypass in pediatric congenital heart surgery…

Abstract Objective To investigate the association of Tau protein levels with postoperative evidence of neural injury following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in pediatric cardiac surgery patients. Methods One hundred forty-four consecutive..

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