Abstract Acute respiratory failure (ARF) strikes an estimated two million people in the United States each year, with care exceeding US$50 billion. The hallmark of ARF is a heterogeneous injury,..
Read MoreIntroduction Managing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) poses significant challenges due to its heterogeneous nature. As of 2024, the updated global definition of ARDS now includes patients receiving noninvasive ventilation..
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