Abstract Objective: To investigate the changes and significance of perioperative expression levels of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-related lipocalin (NGAL), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in patients with acute kidney injury..
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Abstract Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiovascular surgery is a serious complication. Little is known about the ability of novel biomarkers in combination with clinical risk scores for prediction..
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