Introduction Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a life-saving technology used in cardiac surgery; however, it triggers a systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) due to blood contact with non-endothelial surfaces, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and..
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Abstract Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are one of the most common congenital malformations and often require heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Children undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB are especially..
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Abstract Introduction: Halting ventilation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is implemented to operate in a less bleeding setting. It sustains a better visualization of the operation area and helps to perform the..
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Abstract Introduction: Modified ultrafiltration (MUF) is employed at the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in pediatric and neonatal patients undergoing congenital heart surgery to reduce the accumulation of total body..
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Abstract The pericardium is a double-layered fibro-serous sac that envelops the majority of the surface of the heart as well as the great vessels. Pericardial fluid is also contained within..
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