Abstract Iatrogenic damage to the cardiac conduction system (CCS) remains a significant risk during congenital heart surgery. Current surgical best practice involves using superficial anatomical landmarks to locate and avoid..
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Abstract Background The cardiac conduction system (CCS) creates and propagates electrical signals generating the heartbeat. This study aimed to assess the collagen content, vasculature, and innervation in the human sinoatrial..
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Abstract Accidental injury to the cardiac conduction system (CCS), a network of specialized cells embedded within the heart and indistinguishable from the surrounding heart muscle tissue, is a major complication..
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