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Bicuspid aortic valve: The most frequent and not so benign congenital heart disease

Abstract Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most frequent congenital heart disease, with an incidence of approximately 1%. It can be silent and associated with normal valve function. However, a..

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Factors Affecting the Discrepancy Between Coagulation Times on Extracorporeal Circulation Using Unfractionated Heparin in Children and Young Adults

Abstract In unfractionated heparin (UFH) monitoring during extracorporeal circulation, the traditional measures of activated clotting time (ACT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) may diverge, confounding anticoagulant adjustments. We aimed..

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The Use of Impella 5.5 Reduces Pulmonary Vascular Resistance as Bridge to Heart Transplant in a Pediatric Patient

Abstract This case report explores the successful use of the Impella 5.5 (Abiomed Inc., Danvers, MA) device in a 22 kg, 0.89 body surface area (BSA) pediatric patient with longstanding dilated..

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New Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome on Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Abstract The development of new right ventricular (RV) dysfunction after cannulation to venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and its association with worse outcomes is increasingly recognized in adult patients,..

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Probiotics may alleviate intestinal damage induced by cardiopulmonary bypass in children Get access Arrow

Abstract OBJECTIVES Intestinal ischaemia–reperfusion injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass causes intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, leading to dysbiosis and bacterial translocation. We conducted a randomized prospective study with 2 objectives: (i)..

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Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Neonates Undergoing the Norwood Operation: Retrospective Analysis of the Multicenter Neonatal and Pediatric Heart…

Abstract OBJECTIVES:  Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) is associated with adverse outcomes. Single-center studies suggest that the prevalence of CS-AKI is high after the Norwood procedure, or stage 1..

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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Septic Shock in Adults and Children: A Narrative Review

Abstract Refractory septic shock is associated with a high risk of death. Circulatory support in the form of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) may function as a bridge to..

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A novel approach to retrograde autologous priming for infant, pediatric and adult populations undergoing congenital heart surgery

Abstract Introduction Retrograde Autologous Priming (RAP) of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuits is an effective way to reduce prime volume, commonly through the transfer of prime into separate reservoirs or circuit..

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The safe addition of nitric oxide to the sweep gas of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit in a pediatric cardiac…

Abstract Background: Nitric Oxide (NO) is a naturally occurring modulator of inflammation found in the human body. Several studies in the pediatric cardiothoracic surgery literature have demonstrated some beneficial clinical effects..

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What the pediatric nurse needs to know about the Impella cardiac assist device

Abstract Background: Cardiogenic shock in children still carries a high mortality risk despite advances in medical therapy. The use of temporary mechanical circulatory supports is an accepted strategy to bridge patients..

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The approach to extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) in children. A narrative review by the paediatric ECPR working group of EuroELSO

Abstract Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR) has potential benefits compared to conventional Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CCPR) in children. Although no randomised trials for paediatric ECPR have been conducted, there is extensive literature..

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Epidemiology of anticoagulation for children supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the United States: A Pediatric Hospital Information System database…

Abstract Introduction Due to the risk of thrombosis, nearly all children supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) receive systemic anticoagulation. While heparin has traditionally been used, there are reports of..

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Primary neonatal and pediatric ECMO transport: First experience in Spain

Abstract Introduction: The organization of primary Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) transport is highly variable. Methods: To present the experience of the first mobile pediatric ECMO program in Spain, we designed a prospective..

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Massive Transfusion in Pediatric Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Secondary Analysis of the Massive Transfusion in Children (MATIC) Study

Abstract Few data describe pediatric patients who receive massive transfusion for life-threatening hemorrhage (LTH) while on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We present a retrospective secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective..

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Risk factors and incidence of postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Delirium, a form of acute cerebral dysfunction, is a common complication of postoperative cardiac surgery in children. It is strongly associated with adverse outcomes, including prolonged hospitalization, increased mortality,..

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Brain development in newborns and infants after ECMO

Abstract Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) not only significantly improves survival rates in severely ill neonates but also is associated with long-term neurodevelopmental issues. To systematically review the available literature..

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Clinical Outcomes, Blood Utilization, and Ethical Considerations for Pediatric Patients in a Bloodless Medicine and Surgery Program

Abstract BACKGROUND: Pediatric patients requesting bloodless care represent a challenging clinical situation, as parents cannot legally refuse lifesaving or optimal interventions for their children. Here, we report clinical outcomes for..

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Electroencephalography as a tool to predict cerebral oxygen metabolism during deep-hypothermic circulatory arrest in neonates with critical congenital heart disease

Abstract Objectives Recent research suggests that increased cerebral oxygen use during surgical intervention for neonates with congenital heart disease may play a role in the development of postoperative white matter..

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Randomized controlled trial of remote ischemic preconditioning in children having cardiac surgery

Abstract Background Children undergoing cardiac surgery are at risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) and cardiac dysfunction. Opportunity exists in protecting end organ function with remote ischemic preconditioning. We hypothesize..

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Pao2 and Mortality in Neonatal Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Retrospective Analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry, 2015–2020

Abstract Objectives:  Extracorporeal life support can lead to rapid reversal of hypoxemia but the benefits and harms of different oxygenation targets in severely ill patients are unclear. Our primary objective..

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Epidemiologic trends, risk factors and outcomes for pediatric myocarditis in the COVID era

Abstract Background During the peak of the COVID pandemic, there was a high degree of awareness around myocarditis as a potential manifestation. However, it is not very clear if hospitalizations..

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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation After Liver Transplant in Children: A Review of the ELSO Registry

Abstract There are minimal data describing use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in pediatric patient after a liver transplantation (LT). This study aimed at describing ECMO run in this specific..

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Preclinical Proof-of-Concept of a Minimally Invasive Direct Cardiac Compression Device for Pediatric Heart Support

Abstract Purpose For pediatric patients, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) remains the predominant mechanical circulatory support (MCS) modality for heart failure (HF) although survival to discharge rates remain between 50 and..

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Clinical Effects of Nitric Oxide Added to the Oxygenator of Children on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Pre-Post Cohort Study

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) can be safely delivered through the sweep gas to the oxygenator of an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit. It has theoretical benefits such as preventing platelet..

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Cerebral microhemorrhages in children with congenital heart disease: Prevalence, risk factors, and impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes

Abstract Background Infants with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) require life-saving corrective/palliative heart surgery in the first weeks of life. These infants are at risk for brain injury and poor neurodevelopmental..

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Impact of pre-bypass ultrafiltration on prime values and clinical outcomes in neonatal and infant cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract Background: A standard blood prime for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in congenital cardiac surgery may possess non-physiologic values for electrolytes, glucose, and lactate. Pre-bypass Ultrafiltration (PBUF) can make these values..

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Statistical analysis plan for the NITric oxide during cardiopulmonary bypass to improve Recovery in Infants with Congenital heart defects (NITRIC)…

Abstract Background: The  during  (CPB) to improve Recovery in Infants with  (NITRIC) trial, a 1320-patient, multicentre, , is aiming to improve survival free of ventilation after CPB by using nitric oxide delivered into the  of the..

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First report of successful treatment of chronic pediatric tibial osteomyelitis and fracture using autologous platelet-rich plasma

Abstract  is a refractory disease caused by microbial invasion of the bone, leading to destruction of the . It is more common in children. Osteomyelitis requires long  at high cost and is..

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Effect of Red Blood Cell Transfusion on Regional Tissue Oxygenation in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Patients

Abstract BACKGROUND:  Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are used frequently in pediatric patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after cardiac surgery. To improve data-driven transfusion decision-making in the..

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Nonresuscitation Fluid Accumulation and Outcomes After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract OBJECTIVES:  Postoperative patients after congenital cardiac surgery are at high risk of fluid overload (FO), which is known to be associated with poor outcomes. “Fluid creep,” or nonresuscitation IV..

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