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Successful Antithrombin Administration in Andexanet Alfa-Associated Heparin Resistance

Abstract Case Report A 72-year-old man with a tachycardiomyopathy, atrium flutter, and atrial fibrillation underwent an elective radiofrequency ablation procedure. In addition to 5 mg of apixaban twice daily, his..

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Thromboelastometry, Thromboelastography, and Conventional Tests to Assess Anticoagulation During Extracorporeal Support: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract Optimal anticoagulation monitoring in patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is fundamental to avoid hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications. Besides conventional coagulation tests, there is growing interest in the use..

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Observational study of thrombosis and bleeding in COVID-19 VV ECMO patients

Abstract Introduction: COVID-19 has been associated with increased risk of thrombosis, heparin resistance and coagulopathy in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care. We report the incidence of thrombotic and..

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An Adjusted Calculation Model Allows for Reduced Protamine Doses without Increasing Blood Loss in Cardiac Surgery

Abstract Background Heparin dosage for anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is commonly calculated based on the patient's body weight. The protamine–heparin ratio used for heparin reversal varies widely among institutions..

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Post-Operative Bleeding Risk Stratification in Cardiac Pulmonary Bypass Patients Using Artificial Neural Network

Abstract The prediction of bleeding risk in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) patients plays a vital role in their postoperative management. Therefore, an artificial neural network (ANN) to analyze intra-operative laboratory data..

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Severe antiphospholipid syndrome and cardiac surgery: Perioperative management

Abstract Antiphospholipid syndrome is an antiphospholipid antibody-mediated prothrombotic state leading to arterial and venous thrombosis. This condition alters routine in-vitro coagulation tests, making results unreliable. Antiphospholipid syndrome patients requiring cardiac..

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Genetic variation influences the risk of bleeding after cardiac surgery: novel associations and validation of previous findings

Abstract Background Severe post‐operative bleeding in cardiac surgery is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that variation in genetic susceptibility contributes to post‐operative bleeding in addition to clinical..

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Blood Conservation in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Abstract Background  support (ECMO) typically requires multiple  and is associated with frequent bleeding complications. Blood transfusions are known to increase morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients, which may extend to..

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Developments in Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device Support

Abstract Mechanical support devices have revolutionized the management of circulatory failure. This has been met by a dramatic increase in ventricular assist device (VAD) utilization in children over the last..

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Reduced re-exploration and blood product transfusion after the introduction of the Papworth haemostasis checklist

Abstract OBJECTIVES Between 2% and 8% of patients return to the theatre for mediastinal bleeding following cardiac surgery. In the majority of patients, a surgical source of bleeding is identified...

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Anticoagulation during ECMO in neonatal and paediatric patients

Abstract  (ECMO) is a form of  (ECLS) which is used frequently in the paediatric and neonatal setting to support either the pulmonary, or both the pulmonary and . Management of ECMO requires..

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Pediatric Transfusion Algorithms: Coming to a Cardiac Operating Room Near You

Abstract Pediatric cardiac surgical patients are at particular risk for post-cardiopulmonary bypass hemorrhage. Moreover, both the incidence and volume of  have been associated with increased morbidity in pediatric cardiac patients. Transfusion..

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Three Cases of Anaphylaxis to Protamine: Management of Anticoagulation Reversal

Case 1 A 78-year-old male diabetic patient underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). His insulin therapy had been changed recently to human insulin (Humulin M3; Eli Lilly Italia, Sesto..

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Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Comparing the Effects of Antithrombin Versus Placebo on the Coagulation System in Infants with Low Antithrombin…

Abstract Objectives To determine whether precardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) normalization of  levels in infants to 100% improves heparin sensitivity and  during CPB and has beneficial effects into the . Design Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled prospective..

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A comparison of the new ROTEM®sigma with its predecessor, the ROTEMdelta

Summary Thromboelastometry point‐of‐care coagulation testing facilitates optimised management of bleeding. Previous thromboelastometry systems required the blood sample and liquid reagents to be pipetted in several manual steps by trained personnel...

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Evaluation of Systemic Heparin Versus Bivalirudin in Adult Patients Supported by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Abstract Systemic anticoagulation is a standard of care in adult patients supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to prevent circuit thrombosis and subsequent thromboembolic events. Unfractionated heparin has long been..

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Acquired von Willebrand syndrome and impaired platelet function during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Rapid onset and fast recovery

Abstract Background Bleeding contributes to the high mortality of venovenous  membrane oxygenation (vvECMO). The development of acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) has been identified as relevant pathology during ECMO. This study..

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Assessment of Heparin Anticoagulation Measured Using i-STAT and Hemochron Activated Clotting Time

Objective Adequate , measured using  (ACT), is important during vascular and cardiac surgeries. Unfractionated heparin is the most common  used. The purpose of this analysis was to compare the i-STAT ACT (iACT) to..

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An introduction to point-of-care testing in extracorporeal circulation and LVADs

Abstract There is a delicate balance between bleeding and clotting in patients on circuits such as ventricular assist devices or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Traditional coagulation tests, prothrombin time, activated partial..

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Comparison of the Coagulation Effect Achieved by OctaplasLG Versus Fresh Frozen Plasma in Pediatric Cardiac Surgical Patients

Abstract OctaplasLG is indicated for use in patients undergoing cardiac surgery who require replacement of multiple clotting factors. The use of OctaplasLG over single-donor fresh frozen plasma (FFP) may have..

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Heparin–protamine balance after neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass surgery

Abstract Essentials   Heparin‐protamine balance (HPB) modulates bleeding after neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). HPB was examined in 44 neonates undergoing CPB. Post‐operative bleeding occurred in 36% and heparin rebound in..

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Patient Blood Management in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Review

Abstract Efforts to reduce blood product transfusions and adopt blood conservation strategies for infants and children undergoing cardiac surgical procedures are ongoing. Children typically receive red blood cell and coagulant..

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Thoracic Bleeding Complications in Patients With Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Abstract Background Patients with respiratory failure are treated more frequently with venovenous  (vv-ECMO). These patients are at risk for bleeding due to complex multifactorial  resulting from the . Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted..

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Prospective, Randomized Un-Blinded Three Arm Controlled Study in Coronary Artery Revascularization with Minimal Invasive Extracorporeal Circulation Systems (MiECC): Surrogate Parameter…

Abstract Objectives: Minimal extracorporeal circulation techniques and systems (MiECC) may reduce the negative side effects of conventional extracorporeal circulation (ECC). However, it is still unclear as to what this is caused..

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Feasibility of autologous intraoperative blood collection and retransfusion in small children with complex congenital heart defects undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract Introduction Allogeneic blood product transfusion is common in pediatric patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass although it is associated with an increased risk for adverse events. Furthermore, numerous donor exposures may..

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Bleeding, Thrombosis, and Transfusion With Two Heparin Anticoagulation Protocols in Venoarterial ECMO Patients

Abstract Objective To compare the incidence of bleeding and  between adult venoarterial (VA)  (ECMO) patients managed with an  (ACT)-guided heparin  protocol and activated  (aPTT) protocol. Design . Setting Tertiary care, academic medical center...

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Effects of sodium citrate, citric acid and lactic acid on human blood coagulation

Abstract Introduction: Citric acid infusion in extracorporeal blood may allow concurrent regional anticoagulation and enhancement of extracorporeal CO2 removal. Effects of citric acid on human blood thromboelastography and aggregometry have never..

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Anticoagulation with VADs and ECMO: walking the tightrope

Abstract The evolution of devices for mechanical circulatory support (MCS), including ventricular assist devices (VADs) for patients with heart failure and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for patients with acute cardiac..

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Heparin–protamine balance after neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass surgery

Abstract Essentials   Heparin‐protamine balance (HPB) modulates bleeding after neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). HPB was examined in 44 neonates undergoing CPB. Post‐operative bleeding occurred in 36% and heparin rebound in..

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Chemical and pharmacological aspects of neutralization of heparins from different animal sources by protamine

Abstract Background Protamine neutralization is an essential step for the safe use and inactivation of the unfractionated heparin (UFH) that is widely employed in surgical and non-surgical procedures involving extracorporeal..

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