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Fundamentals of modelling and simulation in physiology: a step-by-step cardiopulmonary model tutorial

Abstract Over half a century ago, modelling and simulation of human cardiopulmonary physiology emerged as a research methodology, comparable to laboratory experiments and clinical studies. However, teaching fundamental physiological modelling..

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The dose-effect relationship between red blood cell transfusion volume and adverse events in pediatric cardiac surgery

Abstract Background: Pediatric cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with high transfusion rates. While transfusions increase risks of adverse events, existing evidence cannot differentiate whether risks arise from..

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Best Evidence Summary of Brain Function Monitoring and Management in Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Abstract Background Neurological complications are among the most serious adverse events in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Brain injury during ECMO is associated with increased mortality, long-term neurological deficits..

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Optimizing Heparin and Protamine Dosing During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Using Activated Clotting Time-Guided Protocols: A Single-Centre Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Objectives To evaluate whether an activated clotting time (ACT)-guided, formula-based anticoagulation strategy supported by viscoelastic coagulation monitoring (ROTEM) improves perioperative coagulation management and reduces bleeding compared with standard weight-based..

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Use of a cell saver device for perioperative autotransfusion in 102 dogs and one cat

Abstract Objective To describe the application of a cell saver device (CSD) to manage blood loss in dogs and cats. Study design Retrospective study. Animals A total of 102 client-owned..

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Impact of side hole design of drainage cannulas on flow velocity and predilection sites for low-flow areas in veno-venous ECMO…

Abstract Background Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VV-ECMO) (VV-ECMO) and Veno-Artial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO) have become evidence-based therapy options for patients with most severe heart and/or lung failure. Cannulas continue..

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Survival in Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Nationwide Cohort Study in Japan, 2011–2022

Abstract Objectives: To describe the rate, characteristics, and outcomes of pediatric extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) for in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in Japan and evaluate temporal trends. Design: Retrospective cohort using..

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The silent normalization of biological exposures in operating rooms: an overlooked occupational crisis

Abstract Operating room personnel are exposed to biological hazards such as needlestick injuries and blood and body fluid exposure, which pose risks of bloodborne infections. However, many of these incidents..

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Mathematical modeling of flow-mediated thrombin generation after treatment of postoperative bleeding in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract Background Postcardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) bleeding is partly driven by impaired thrombin generation. Recent trials suggest differing clinical effects of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC), but..

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How To Do It: Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)

Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an invaluable tool in cardiac surgery. In pediatric patients, it is almost exclusively deployed by congenital cardiac surgeons who are sufficiently trained. Pediatric ECMO..

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Monitoring Cerebral Perfusion during the Initiation of Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Abstract Support with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) can be considered for patients with severe (combined) hypoxemia and hypercapnia. By adjusting sweep gas flow (SGF), blood oxygenation and correction of..

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Temporal trends in venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and concurrent mechanical circulatory support for cardiogenic shock

Abstract Background Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is often combined with other temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) in cardiogenic shock, yet combination-specific outcomes remain poorly defined. We compared temporal trends,..

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Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in Spain as a method of organ preservation for transplantation

Abstract Donation following the confirmation of death based on circulatory criteria has proven to be a valuable strategy for increasing the availability of organs for transplantation. However, the standard super-rapid..

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Intraoperative Dynamics of Lactate, pH, and Bicarbonate During Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Study Exploring a Composite Metabolic Marker of Reperfusion…

Abstract Background: Myocardial ischemia–reperfusion during cardiac surgery is associated with complex metabolic alterations that reflect both myocardial injury and recovery. This prospective study aimed to characterize intraoperative lactate, pH, and..

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The Role of Regret in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Candidacy Decision-Making

Abstract Background Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) candidacy decisions are made under substantial uncertainty and are inconsistent. With a team including economist decision-scientists, we applied Regret Theory to hypothesize..

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Core components of transitional care for ECMO survivors after ICU discharge: a three-round modified Delphi study

Abstract Background Survivors of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may experience persistent physical, cognitive, psychological, social, and quality-of-life impairments after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. However, the core components of early..

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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Combined With Mechanical Thrombectomy Versus Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Alone for High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review and…

Abstract Objectives To compare clinical outcomes of venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) combined with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) versus VA-ECMO alone in high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE). Design Systematic review and..

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Evaluating the Clinical Significance of Pre- and Postoperative Platelet Function Testing in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery

Abstract Background/Objectives: Postoperative bleeding remains a major complication following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), contributing to transfusion requirements, reintervention, and morbidity. The objective of this study was to assess the..

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Extracorporeal life support in adult critically ill patients: mechanisms of benefit in respiratory and cardiac failure

Abstract Extracorporeal life support provides temporary cardiorespiratory support for patients with severe, potentially reversible cardiac and/or respiratory failure refractory to conventional measures. Its application has broadened across a wide spectrum..

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Impact of Colloid Cardiopulmonary Bypass Priming Strategy on Perioperative Acid-Base Balance in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Physicochemical Analysis of a…

Abstract Objective To determine whether colloid choice within the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) priming strategy independently modifies the perioperative acid-base trajectory. Design Preplanned analysis of a single-center, double-blind, 3-arm randomized controlled..

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Impact of microplastics and nanoplastics on cardiovascular health

Abstract Plastics serve multiple functions in an industrialized society, including major applications in all aspects of healthcare such as single use syringes, coatings and implantable devices. Plastics break down into..

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Glycocalyx degradation is associated with increased circulating unmeasured ions after cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract Unmeasured anions are commonly detected in critically ill patients, yet their nature remains unclear. We examined whether endothelial glycocalyx degradation may be related to this unexplained anionic burden through..

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Awake venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to foetal maturation in severe pulmonary hypertension: a case report

Abstract A 37-year-old patient (gravida 10, para 0–1–8-0) with class III obesity, obstructive sleep apnoea requiring continuous positive airway pressure and previous pulmonary emboli presented at 19 + 6 weeks' gestation with severe..

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Pre‒Cardiopulmonary Bypass Furosemide Administration and Intraoperative Urinary Oxygen Tension During Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract Objectives To evaluate whether furosemide administration before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with altered intraoperative urinary oxygen tension (PuO₂) and early postoperative renal outcomes in patients undergoing elective on-pump..

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Risk factors for in-hospital mortality in elderly patients receiving veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A single-center retrospective study

Abstract Background Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is an established therapy for severe respiratory failure; however, few studies have examined the validity of and prognostic factors for VV-ECMO implementation in..

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The Unknown Others of Neonatal Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Abstract Increasingly, more neonatal respiratory extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry have a primary diagnosis of Other. These patients, in addition to those..

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Oxygenation Indices with Oxygen Challenge Test in Neonates During VA ECMO

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the response of various oxygenation indices to the oxygen challenge test (OCT), prior to decannulation, in neonates supported with VA ECMO for respiratory indications, and to..

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Perioperative mechanical ventilation strategies in adult cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Abstract Background Pulmonary complications occur frequently after cardiac surgery. Various intraoperative and perioperative mechanical ventilation strategies were investigated to reduce postoperative lung injury. Evidence of their benefits remains inconclusive. Methods..

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Progress in Understanding Brain Injury After Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Cardiac Surgery: A Narrative Review

Abstract The application of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has significantly advanced cardiovascular surgery. However, CPB-associated brain injury remains a critical complication that affects patient prognosis and quality of life. Overt stroke..

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Noninvasive Respiratory Support Before Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract The optimal timing for transitioning from noninvasive respiratory support to invasive mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains controversial. PubMed and..

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