We established a compact machine perfusion system for whole blood perfusion of rat liver by making use of oxygenation filters as an artificial lung. Livers removed from rats were divided into Krebs–Henseleit (control), 50% blood (hemoglobin: 7 g/dL), and whole blood (hemoglobin: 14 g/dL) groups, then perfused (total perfusate volume: 25 ml) with a small oxygenation filter at 37 °C for 120 min. Blood or perfusate was collected over time, and blood gas and blood cell were measured. In addition, bile volume and portal venous pressure measurements were taken. In all groups, the partial pressure of oxygen was controlled to approximately 400 mmHg. Flow rates were maintained at approximately about 20–30 ml/min according to liver size. Portal venous pressure was normal in the 50% blood and whole blood groups, while lower than the reference value in the Krebs–Henseleit group. Twice as much bile was produced in the 50% blood and whole blood groups relative with the Krebs–Henseleit group. We observed no differences in hemoglobin and red blood cell levels. Lactate levels were normal in the 50% blood and whole blood groups, but were elevated in the Krebs–Henseleit group. Our compact perfusion system using oxygenation filters was able to maintain rat liver function by perfusing a small amount of extracorporeal blood. This system is simple and stable, and may contribute to the future development of machine perfusion systems.