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Severe coagulopathy and inflammation occurred after resection of giant right ventricular intimal sarcoma with cardiopulmonary bypass: a case report

Abstract Background Primary malignant cardiac tumors are rare in clinic, and surgical resection under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) remains the main treatment. The non-physiological perfusion process of CPB leads to contact activation,..

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Normalizing Anti-Thrombin III for heparin management during routine cardiopulmonary bypass for congenital cardiothoracic surgery: A single institution practice review

Abstract Introduction Over the past decade, there has been an increase in the use of recombinant Anti-Thrombin III (AT-III) administration during neonatal and pediatric short- and long-term mechanical support for..

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Hemorrhage and thrombosis in COVID‑19‑patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an international study based on the COVID‑19 critical care consortium

Abstract Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a rescue therapy in patients with severe acute res‑piratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to COVID‑19. While bleeding and thrombosis complicate ECMO, theseevents may..

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Anticoagulation in ECMO patients: an overview

Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a form of cardiorespiratory support, and is being increasingly used to support refractory heart and respiratory failure. It involves draining blood from the vascular..

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Effect of Retrograde Autologous Priming on Coagulation Assessed by Rotation Thromboelastometry in Patients Undergoing Valvular Cardiac Surgery

Abstract Objectives To investigate the effect of retrograde autologous priming (RAP) on coagulation function using rotation thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in patients undergoing valvular cardiac surgery. Design A prospective, randomized, patient- and outcome assessor-blinded study...

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Perioperative Apixaban: Bleeding, Clotting, or Both?

Abstract Anticoagulation for Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation Recently, the ARTESIA study addressed this question in a randomized trial of 4,012 patients with subclinical atrial fibrillation identified by an implanted device, and..

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The role of inflammation and antithrombin supplementation on thromboelastographic parameters during veno-venous ECMO for respiratory failure

Abstract Introduction Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may act as a driver or propagator of systemic inflammation. In turn, cytokine release can modify thromboelastographic (TEG) tests which are commonly used for..

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Epidemiology of anticoagulation for children supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the United States: A Pediatric Hospital Information System database…

Abstract Introduction Due to the risk of thrombosis, nearly all children supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) receive systemic anticoagulation. While heparin has traditionally been used, there are reports of..

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Anticoagulation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A narrative review

Abstract Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is a technology that offers organ support for critically ill patients with respiratory and/or cardiac failure. Despite improvements in recent years in technology and the..

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Comparison of Blood Concentration and Weight-Based Heparin and Protamine Dosing Strategies for Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background: The conventional method of heparin and protamine management during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is based on total body weight which fails to account for the heterogeneous response to heparin in each patient...

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Association between intraoperative blood salvage and coagulation disorder after cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract Background This study investigated whether intraoperative blood salvage was associated with coagulation disorder diagnosed by conventional coagulation tests and thromboelastography (TEG) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Study design and methods..

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Protamine dosing and its impact in cardiac surgery transfusion practice—A retrospective bi-institutional analysis

Abstract Background Bleeding after cardiac surgery is common and continues to require 10–20% of the national blood supply. Transfusion of allogeneic blood is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Excessive..

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Open-Source Image-Based Tool to Experimentally Evaluate Blood Residence Time in Clinical Devices

Abstract This article introduces an open-source tool to experimentally compare blood residence time in biomedical devices using an image-based method. The experimental setup and the postprocessing workflow are comprehensively elucidated..

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Finding a common definition of heparin resistance in adult cardiac surgery: communication from the ISTH SSC subcommittee on perioperative and…

Abstract Ensuring adequate anticoagulation for patients requiring cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is important due to the adverse consequences of inadequate anticoagulation with respect to bleeding and thrombosis. When..

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Factors Influencing Unfractionated Heparin Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics During a Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Abstract Background Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is commonly used during cardiac surgery with a cardiopulmonary bypass to prevent blood clotting. However, empirical administration of UFH leads to variable responses. Pharmacokinetic and..

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European practices on antithrombotic management during percutaneous mechanical circulatory support in adults: A survey of the Association for Acute CardioVascular…

Abstract Background Bleeding and thrombotic complications compromise outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous mechanical circulatory support (pMCS) with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) and/or microaxial flow pumps like the Impella™...

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An architecturally rational hemostat for rapid stopping of massive bleeding on anticoagulation therapy

Abstract Hemostatic devices are critical for managing emergent severe bleeding. With the increased use of anticoagulant therapy, there is a need for next-generation hemostats. We rationalized that a hemostat with..

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Intraoperative circulatory arrest secondary to high-risk pulmonary embolism. Case series and updated literature review

Abstract Background Intraoperative pulmonary embolism (PE) with cardiac arrest (CA) represents a critical and potentially fatal condition. Available treatments include systemic thrombolysis, catheter-based thrombus fragmentation or aspiration, and surgical embolectomy...

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Improving ECMO therapy: Monitoring oxygenator functionality and identifying key indicators, factors, and considerations for changeout

Abstract Introduction: The optimal timing for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit change-out is crucial for the successful management of patients with severe cardiopulmonary failure. This comprehensive review examines the various..

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First 24 Hour-Long Intensive Care Unit Testing of a Clinical-Scale Microfluidic Oxygenator in Swine: A Safety and Feasibility Study

Abstract Microfluidic membrane oxygenators are designed to mimic branching vasculature of the native lung during extracorporeal lung support. To date, scaling of such devices to achieve clinically relevant blood flow..

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Platelet Function Testing Using Sonoclot and TEG6s as a Platelet Transfusion Prediction Tool in Open Heart Surgery

Abstract Introduction The point-of-care test (POCT) is useful for blood coagulation management during cardiovascular surgery. Although thromboelastography (TEG6s) has been reported to have targeted benefits for blood transfusion in cardiac..

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Preclinical Proof-of-Concept of a Minimally Invasive Direct Cardiac Compression Device for Pediatric Heart Support

Abstract Purpose For pediatric patients, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) remains the predominant mechanical circulatory support (MCS) modality for heart failure (HF) although survival to discharge rates remain between 50 and..

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Concurrent use of continuous kidney replacement therapy during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: what pediatric nephrologists need to know—PCRRT‑ICONIC practice points

Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides temporary cardiorespiratory support for neonatal, pediatric, and adult patients when traditional management has failed. This lifesaving therapy has intrinsic risks, including the development of..

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Bivalirudin anticoagulation for cardiopulmonary bypass during cardiac surgery

Abstract Introduction Heparin is the primary anticoagulant for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) support during cardiac surgery. While widely used, ∼2% of cardiac surgery patients develop heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and 4–26% develop..

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Evaluation of the use of a heparin dose-response test in dogs to determine the optimal heparin dose during intravascular procedures…

Abstract Background No guidelines for administering and monitoring anticoagulants intraprocedurally are currently available in dogs, despite the prevalence of procedures necessitating systemic anticoagulation with heparin. Objectives To evaluate an activated..

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Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on coagulation factors II, VII and X in a primate model: an exploratory pilot study

Abstract OBJECTIVES The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in cardiac surgery is a major risk factor for postoperative bleeding. We hypothesized that consumptive coagulopathy and haemodilution influence the coagulation factors;..

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Individualized heparin monitoring and management reduces protamine requirements in cardiac surgery on minimal invasive extracorporeal circulation; A prospective randomized study

Abstract Introduction Individualized heparin and protamine management is increasingly used as a strategy to reduce coagulation activation and bleeding complications. While it is associated with increased heparin requirements during Cardiopulmonary..

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The biological role and future therapeutic uses of nitric oxide in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, a narrative review

Abstract Background Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas naturally produced by the human body that plays an important physiological role. Specifically, it binds guanylyl cyclase to induce smooth muscle relaxation...

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Antithrombin concentrates may benefit cardiopulmonary bypass patients with suspected heparin resistance: A retrospective analysis of real-world data

Abstract Background Heparin resistance is a common complication of surgical patients requiring anticoagulation, such as those undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Treatments to address heparin resistance include supplementation of antithrombin (AT)..

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Gaseous Nitric Oxide-Cangrelor Combination to Prevent Clots in Extracorporeal Life Support System

Abstract Introduction The objective of this study was to investigate the potential synergistic utility of a combination of gaseous nitric oxide (gNO)-intravenous Cangrelor as an effective pharmacological option for the..

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