Abstract
Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) guidelines recommend a standardized approach to manage cardiac arrest, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), defibrillation, and administration of drugs such as epinephrine [1]. Ultrasound (US) should be performed by a dedicated operator in parallel to the resuscitative process without interfering with CPR [2]. It can also help in the post-resuscitation phase to optimize hemodynamic function and assess for multiorgan complications, such as pneumothorax, lung contusions, and peripheral organ dysfunctions [2]. We illustrate how head-to-toe US can be advantageously used during CPR and immediately after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). We aim to provide a practical approach and mainly focus on the use of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) although transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) may have its advantages and uses in this context [3]. Whilst various protocols have been described, their core principles are identical and none has been demonstrated as superior to others (electronic supplementary material, ESM, Top tips).